列宁文化批判思想基本向度、价值逻辑和当代意义  

Basic Dimension,Value Logic and Contemporary Significance of Lenin’s Cultural Criticism Thought

作　　者：周来顺[1] ZHOU Lai-shun

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学哲学学院暨文化哲学研究中心,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《求是学刊》2024年第1期23-35,共13页Seeking Truth

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“当代俄罗斯马克思主义哲学前沿问题研究”(21AZX003);2022年黑龙江省研究生精品课程建设项目“俄罗斯文化哲学”。

摘　　要：文化问题在列宁的整个理论与实践生涯中占据重要位置,特别是十月革命胜利后基于社会主义实践遭遇到的现实问题,使其进一步意识到文化上的落后与错误文化思想对社会主义建设构成的深层阻滞力与巨大危害,意识到加强文化建设的重要性和必要性。在社会主义文化探索中,列宁对以第二国际为代表的修正主义文化、无产阶级文化派为代表的虚无主义文化及根深蒂固的宗教文化等进行了深入持久的批判,指出这些思想或是扭曲马克思主义的理论实质、或是采取文化虚无主义的态度、或是对俄国文化的未来持悲观论调。通过上述文化批判,列宁进一步意识到夺取与巩固文化领导权的重要性、紧迫性,明晰了社会主义文化建设的基本向度、价值逻辑。社会主义文化是具有崇高理想的文化,本质在于消除文化领域的异化,实现人类文化领域的解放。在意识形态领域斗争日益常态化、激烈化、隐蔽化的今天,深入思考列宁社会主义文化建设及其文化批判思想,具有重要的理论价值与现实意义。Cultural issues occupied an important position in Lenin’s entire theoretical and practical career.Especially after the victory of the October Revolution,based on the real problems encountered in socialist practice,Lenin further realised that cultural backwardness and erroneous cultural ideas constituted a deep-seated obstruction and great harm to the construction of socialism.And he realised the importance of and the necessity for strengthening the construction of culture.In his exploration of socialist culture,Lenin made an in-depth and sustained criticism of the revisionist culture represented by the Second International,the nihilist culture represented by the proletarian culturalists,and the deep-rooted religious culture.He pointed out that these ideologies were either distortions of the theoretical substance of Marxism,cultural nihilism,or pessimism about the future of Russian culture.Through the above cultural criticism,Lenin further realised the impor-tance and urgency of seizing and consolidating the right to cultural leadership,and clarified the basic direction and value logic of socialist cultural construction.Socialist culture is a culture of lofty ideals,with the essence of eliminating alienation in the field of culture and achieving liberation in the area of human culture.Today,when the struggle in the field of ideology is becoming more and more normalised,intense and hidden,in-depth reflection on Lenin’s socialist cultural construction and his thought of cultural criticism is of great theo-retical value and practical significance.

关 键 词：文化领导权 意识形态 虚无主义 文化批判 异化 

分 类 号：G02[文化科学] A82[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]