福岛核污染水中的人工放射性核素及其在海洋环境中的迁移转化行为  

Artificial Radionuclides in the Fukushima Nuclear Contaminated Water and Their Migration and Transformation Behaviors in the Marine Environment

作　　者：张福乐 王锦龙[1] 黄德坤 于涛 杜金洲[1] Fule ZHANG;Jinlong WANG;Dekun HUANG;Tao YU;Jinzhou DU(State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Third Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resource,Xiamen Fujian 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200241 [2]自然资源部第三海洋研究所,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2024年第1期23-33,共11页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：福建省海洋物理与地质过程重点实验室开放基金项目(编号:KLMPG-22-01);中国博士后科学基金项目(编号:2022M723708)资助。

摘　　要：2023年8月24日,日本政府启动福岛核污染水排海,这将进一步增加对海洋生态环境的辐射风险。分析了福岛核污染水中主要人工放射性核素的浓度,估算了其在福岛核污染水中的储量。根据东京电力公司公布的数据发现,截至2023年3月,福岛核污染水储罐中^(3)H的浓度为1.9×10^(5)~25.0×10^(5) Bq/L,明显超出日本法律允许的^(3)H的最大排放浓度(6×10^(4) Bq/L);部分核污染水储罐中^(90)Sr和^(129)I的浓度也高于日本法律允许的^(90)Sr和^(129)I的最大排放浓度(30 Bq/L和9 Bq/L)。经估算,在排海前福岛核污染水中^(3)H和^(129)I的储量分别为0.9 PBq和6.2×10^(9) Bq,这与核事故阶段^(3)H和^(129)I泄漏到海洋中的量(0.1~1.0 PBq和6.9×10^(9) Bq)相当。此外,进一步对福岛核污染水中典型放射性核素(如^(3)H、^(14)C、^(60)Co、^(90)Sr、^(129)I、^(134,137)Cs和^(239,240)Pu等)在海洋环境中的迁移转化行为进行了论述,重点介绍了福岛放射性核素在太平洋海域的迁移路径,及其在海洋沉积物上的吸附和海洋生物中的富集行为。期望为中国应对福岛核污染水排海提供一定的科学依据和见解。On August 24,2023,the Japanese government started discharging the Fukushima Nuclear Contaminated Water (FNCW) into the North Pacific.This process is bound to pose radiation risks for the marine ecological environment.In this study,we analyzed the concentrations of major artificial radionuclides in the FNCW and estimated their inventories.Based on the data provided by the Tokyo Electric Power Company,we found that the concentrations of ^(3)H in FNCW tanks as of March 2023 ranged from 1.9×10^(5) to 25.0×10^(5) Bq/L,significantly exceeding the maximum release concentration for ^(3)H (6×10^(4) Bq/L) allowed by Japanese law.In addition,the concentrations of ^(90)Sr and ^(129)I in some FNCW tanks were higher than the corresponding maximum release concentrations (30 Bq/L for ^(90)Sr and 9 Bq/L for ^(129)I) allowed by Japanese law.The inventories of ^(3)H and^(129)I in the FNCW before the discharge were estimated to be 0.9 and 6.2×10^(9) Bq,respectively,i.e.,comparable to the leakage amounts of ^(3)H (0.1~1.0 PBq) and ^(129)I (6.9×10^(9) Bq) to the ocean during the nuclear accident stage.We further discuss the migration and behavior of typical Fukushima radionuclides (e.g.,^(3)H,^(14)C,^(60)Co,^(90)Sr,^(129)I,^(134,137)Cs,and ^(239,240)Pu) in marine environments from three aspects:(1) transport of Fukushima radionuclides by ocean currents in the Pacific;(2) sediment adsorption to radionuclides;and (3) marine biota uptake of radionuclides.This study is expected to provide scientific foundations and insights for radiation monitoring and risk assessment,which may be required for an appropriate response to the discharge of the FNCW.

关 键 词：福岛核污染水 人工放射性核素 洋流输运 沉积物吸附 生物富集 

分 类 号：P76[天文地球—海洋科学]