量子信息技术发展与国家安全  

An Analysis of the Impact of Quantum Information Technology On National Security

作　　者：黄钊龙 韩召颖[1] Huang Zhaolong;Han Zhaoying(Nankai University)

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院,天津300350

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第2期51-60,共10页Wuhan University Journal：Philosophy & Social Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(20AGJ010);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2022M711713)。

摘　　要：量子信息技术是新一代信息技术和第四次科技革命的关键组成部分。随着量子信息技术的日趋成熟,以探究量子理论、量子技术如何影响国家安全及国际关系理论为研究目标的“量子化国际关系”路径开始受到国际关系学界关注,但既有研究主要集中于“量子化国际关系”研究的第一条路径,即分析量子概念、量子世界观对国际关系等社会科学经典理论的影响。从量子信息技术的三大应用方向(量子计算、量子通信与量子精密测量)入手,探究量子信息技术如何影响国家及国际安全的既有格局,可填补“量子化国际关系”研究第二条路径的相对缺失。量子计算由于算力的巨大提升可能会对现有信息安全加密体系造成根本冲击,量子通信由于其加密的绝对性,反而又为各国信息安全体系的重构提供了可能。作为量子精密测量应用方向的代表,量子定位系统在精度、抗干扰、保密性方面的改进将有力增强各国的军事能力与国防安全,量子雷达对隐身目标潜在的准确探测能力则有可能影响目前的大国战略平衡。Quantum information is a key component of the next-generation information technology and the new round of revolution in science and technology.As quantum information technology becomes increasingly mature,the"Quantizing International Relations"approach,which aims to explore how quantum theory and quantum technology affect national security and international relations theory,has begun to attract attention from the academic community of international relations.However,the main interest of existing research focuses on the first path of"Quantizing International Relations"research,that is,exploring the impact of quantum concepts and quantum worldviews on classic theories of social sciences such as international relations.The paper focuses on the three major applications of quantum information technology-quantum computing,quantum communication and quantum precision measurement-to explore how quantum information technology affects current landscape of national and international security,thus filling in the second path of"Quantizing International Relations".Quantum computing may have a fundamental impact on the existing information security encryption system due to the huge increase in"computing power".While quantum communication may make it possible to reconstruct the information security system due to its absolute encryption.As the representative of quantum precision measurement,quantum positioning systems will effectively enhance a country's military power and national security with improvements in its accuracy,anti-interference and confidentiality.The potential accurate detection capabilities of quantum radars for stealth targets are likely to affect the current strategic balance between major powers.

关 键 词：量子信息科技 国家安全 国际安全 数据安全 军事安全 

分 类 号：D920.0[政治法律—法学]