养殖池塘水体原位修复技术研究进展  

Progress on In-situ Remediation Technologies of Aquaculture Pond Water

作　　者：周东来 邝哲师[1] 符兵 彭焕龙 杨琼[1] 李庆荣[1] 邢东旭[1] 廖森泰[1] ZHOU Donglai;KUANG Zheshi;FU Bing;PENG Huanlong;YANG Qiong;LI Qingrong;XING Dongxu;LIAO Sentai(Sericultural&Agri-food Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510610,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所,广东广州510610 [2]广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2024年第1期85-96,共12页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省农业科学院协同创新中心项目(XT202304);国家自然科学基金(32000193);广州市基础与应用基础研究项目(202201010474);广东省农业科学院创新基金(202113)。

摘　　要：我国作为全球水产养殖大国,养殖规模和产量均居世界首位。池塘养殖是我国最主要的水产养殖模式,在保障优质动物蛋白供给、促进农业增效和农民增收等方面发挥重要作用。随着养殖集约化水平不断提高,养殖密度持续增加,大量饲料投入和动物排泄等导致养殖池塘水体富营养化严重,大量氨氮和亚硝酸盐等不仅污染养殖水体,还会严重危害水产动物健康,导致病害频发、药物滥用、食品安全等一系列问题,给水产养殖绿色可持续发展带来严重挑战,亟需进行养殖池塘水体修复处理。目前,对养殖水体的修复技术主要分为原位修复和异位修复。相较于异位修复,原位修复技术具备节约资源、成本低、无交叉污染等优势,因此具有广阔的应用前景。基于此,该文首先概述了我国养殖池塘水体污染物的主要来源、特征和危害;其次,从物理、化学和生物处理技术3个方面总结了我国养殖池塘水体原位修复技术的研究进展,并详细阐述其技术原理、适用范围、应用效果及优缺点;最后,指出当前池塘养殖水体原位修复存在的主要问题,对未来的研究方向进行展望,并提出一种单塘循环生态养殖模式,为养殖池塘水体修复的未来研究和应用提供参考。As a major aquaculture country,China ranks the first in terms of aquaculture scale and production in the world.Pond aquaculture is the most important aquaculture model in China,playing important roles in ensuring the supply of high-quality animal protein,promoting agricultural efficiency,and increasing farmers’income.However,with the continuous intensification of aquaculture and increase in aquaculture density,high feed input and animal excretion have led to serious eutrophication of aquaculture pond water.Excessive ammonia nitrogen and nitrites not only pollute the aquaculture water,but also seriously endanger the health of aquatic animals,leading to a series of problems such as frequent diseases,drug abuse and food safety,posing serious challenges to the green and sustainable development of aquaculture.Hence,it is urgent to treat and remediate the water body of aquaculture pond.At present,the remediation techniques for aquaculture water mainly include in-situ remediation and ectopic remediation.Compared with ectopic remediation,in-situ remediation has the advantages of saving resources,low cost and no cross contamination,exhibiting a broad application prospect.On this basis,first,this review summarizes the main sources,characteristics and hazards of water pollutants in aquaculture ponds in China.Second,the research progress of in-situ remediation technologies in aquaculture ponds in China is summarized from three aspects of physical,chemical,and biological treatment technologies,and the technical principle,application scope,application effect,advantages and disadvantages are also elaborated.Finally,the main problems in the in-situ remediation of aquaculture ponds are proposed,the future research direction is prospected,and a single pond circulation ecological aquaculture model is put forward,which will provide references for future research and application of aquaculture pond water remediation.

关 键 词：水产养殖 污染物 原位修复 可持续发展 单塘循环 微生物 

分 类 号：X714[环境科学与工程—环境工程]