治疗阿尔茨海默病中药化学成分及机制的研究概况  

Chemical Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Alzheimer's Disease and Its Mechanism:A Review

作　　者：杜正彩[1,2,3,4] 胡润华 李瑞林 郝二伟 侯小涛[2,3,4,5] 邓家刚 DU Zhengcai;HU Runhua;LI Ruilin;HAO Erwei;HOU Xiaotao;DENG Jiagang(Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanning 530200,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica,Nanning 530200,China;Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues,Nanning 530200,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases,Nanning 530200,China;Faculty of Pharmacy,Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanning 530200,China)

机构地区：[1]广西中医药大学广西中医药科学实验中心,南宁530200 [2]广西中药药效研究重点实验室,南宁530200 [3]广西农作物废弃物功能成分研究协同创新中心,南宁530200 [4]广西中医湿病方药理论与转化实验室实验室,南宁530200 [5]广西中医药大学药学院,南宁530200

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2024年第5期236-245,共10页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82060742)。

摘　　要：阿尔茨海默病(AD)是目前老年人群中高发疾病之一,其病因涉及β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)异常沉积、Tau蛋白过度磷酸化、胆碱能系统异常、氧化应激与炎症反应等多个致病因素与病理环节,但至今仍未阐明其具体的发病机制,也未找到特效治疗药物。近年来,越来越多的研究关注中药化学成分在AD治疗中的潜力,因其多样性和复杂性,可能对AD的多个病理环节产生积极影响。研究者们从中药中分离得到众多有效成分,并经过现代药理学研究证实了治疗AD的效果。该文通过文献分析发现具有抗AD的中药化学成分主要有皂苷类(占31%)、黄酮类(占24%)、多糖类(占20%)、内酯类(占8%)、生物碱(7%)、酚类化合物(3%)及其他类化合物(7%)。其中人参皂苷、三七皂苷、淫羊藿黄酮、葛根素、黄芩素、五味子多糖、当归多糖、灵芝多糖、茯苓多糖、石杉碱甲、黄连素、穿心莲内酯、姜黄素、大黄素、天麻素等在抗AD方面研究较多,而其作用机制则涉及到AD发病机制的多个方面。该文综述中药化学成分抗AD的活性及其可能作用机制,为研发防治AD新药提供参考。Alzheimer's disease(AD)is one of the most common diseases in the elderly population.Its etiology involves multiple pathogenic factors and pathological links such as abnormal deposition ofβamyloid protein(Aβ),hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein,abnormalities of the cholinergic system,oxidative stress,and inflammatory response.However,its specific pathogenesis has not been clarified,and no specific therapeutic drugs have been found.In recent years,more and more studies have paid attention to the potential of chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the treatment of AD.However,the diversity and complexity of the chemical components of TCM may have a positive impact on multiple pathological links of AD.Researchers have isolated many active components from TCMs,and the effects of treating AD have been confirmed by modern pharmacological studies.Through literature analysis,this article found that the main chemical components of TCM with anti-AD effects were saponins(31%),flavonoids(24%),polysaccharides(20%),lactones(8%),alkaloids(7%),phenols(3%),and other compounds(7%).Among them,ginsenoside,notoginsenoside,epimedium flavones,puerarin,baicalein,schisandra polysaccharide,angelica polysaccharide,ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide,pachyman,huperzine A,berberine,andrographolide,curcumin,emodin,and gastrodin have been extensively studied in terms of their anti-AD effects,and their mechanisms of pharmacological action have been involved in many aspects of AD pathogenesis.This article reviews the anti-AD activities and possible mechanisms of chemical components of TCM,so as to provide a reference for the development of new drugs for the prevention and treatment of AD.

关 键 词：中药化学成分 阿尔茨海默病 发病机制 研究概况 

分 类 号：R2-0[医药卫生—中医学] R33[文化科学—情报学] G353.11R743