商业数据不正当竞争行为的认定困境及优化方案——基于对95件司法案例的实证分析  

Dilemmas and Countermeasures of the Identification of Commercial Data Unfair Competition Behavior——Based on an Analysis of 95 Judicial Judgments

作　　者：吴太轩 乔紫璇 Wu Taixuan;Qiao Zixuan

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济法学院

出　　处：《电子知识产权》2024年第1期4-20,共17页Electronics Intellectual Property

基　　金：2023年国家社科基金重大项目“数字经济时代竞争政策定位与反垄断问题研究”(项目批准号:23&ZD076);2023年国家社会科学基金项目“个人信息的竞争法保护疑难问题研究”(项目批准号:23BFX186);2023年重庆市研究生科研创新项目“互联网新型不正当竞争行为认定的谦抑性研究——基于222份裁判文书的实证分析”(项目编号:CYS23286);2023年西南政法大学学生科研创新项目“反不正当竞争法视域下数据权益司法保护的实证研究”(项目编号:2023XZXS-097)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：商业数据的经济价值日益凸显,成为推动数字经济深化发展的核心引擎和重要资源。与此同时,各方市场主体争夺数据资源而引发的商业数据竞争纠纷不断涌现。在商业数据确权纷争未有定论的情况下,以反不正当竞争法路径保护商业数据具有可行性、合理性。通过对既有司法裁判的实证考察,探知我国对于商业数据不正当竞争行为的认定尚存以下困境:认定范式失当、认定依据不清、认定标准不明。鉴于此,提出如下优化方案:其一,行为正当性认定应摒弃私益受损范式,确立“三元叠加”利益衡量的行为规制范式;其二,明晰商业数据不正当竞争行为的认定依据,谦抑适用一般条款,增设“商业数据专条”;其三,完善商业数据不正当竞争行为的认定标准,具化更新商业道德标准,明确实质性替代标准的适用要件。The economic value of commercial data is increasingly prominent,becoming the core engine and important resource in the deepening development of the digital economy.With the empowerment of commercial data still controversial,it is feasible and reasonable to protect commercial data through the path of the anti-unfair competition law.Through the investigation of the existing judicial practice,the following dilemmas exist in identifying commercial data unfair competition behavior in China:improperness of the recognition of paradigm,confusion of the identification basis and uncertainty of the identification standards.Therefore,the following countermeasures are proposed:Firstly,the justification of behavior should abandon the paradigm of damage to private interests,and establish the paradigm of “triple overlay” interest measurement paradigm.Secondly,clarify the basis for identifying commercial data unfair competition behavior,involving restrain the application of general clauses,and establish specific provisions for commercial data unfair competition behavior.Thirdly,refine the standards of the identification of commercial data unfair competition behavior,including concretizing and updating the standards of business ethics,and clarifying the application requirements for substantive substitution standards.

关 键 词：商业数据 不正当竞争行为 正当性 一般条款 利益衡量 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]