“三孩”政策背景下1944名常州市居民生育意愿调查报告  

Motive for childbearing among 1944 residents in Changzhou City under the three-child policy

作　　者：杨霓 周军 王丽[1,2] Yang Ni;Zhou Jun;Wang Li(Department of Health Care,Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital,Changzhou Jiangsu 213000,China;Changzhou Medical Center,Nanjing Medical University,Changzhou Jiangsu 213000,China)

机构地区：[1]常州市妇幼保健院保健部,江苏常州213000 [2]南京医科大学常州医学中心,江苏常州213000

出　　处：《保健医学研究与实践》2023年第11期23-28,共6页Health Medicine Research and Practice

基　　金：江苏省卫生健康委科研项目(H2019013);江苏省妇幼健康科研项目(F202125)。

摘　　要：目的分析“三孩”政策背景下常州市居民生育意愿及影响因素。方法采取多阶段抽样,抽取常州市6个市辖区及1个县级市中各社区18~55岁女性居民作为调查对象,通过线上问卷调查的方式获取有效问卷1944份,对影响调查对象生育意愿的因素进行分析。其中调查对象的一般情况采用描述性统计分析,有序变量资料间相关性分析采用MantelHaenszel卡方检验,有序变量资料与无序变量资料相关性分析采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验,并采用有序多分类Logistic回归进一步分析调查对象生育意愿的影响因素。结果调查对象中理想子女个数为大于等于3个的仅41人(2.1%),调查对象年龄(r=0.202,P<0.001)、兄弟姐妹数量(r=0.161,P<0.001)、现有子女数量(r=0.370,P<0.001)与生育意愿呈正相关,学历与生育意愿呈负相关(r=-0.129,P<0.001),不同职业调查对象的生育意愿差异也具有统计学意义(H=20.916,P=0.004)。回归分析结果发现:育龄期女性中,现有子女数量及兄弟姐妹数量越多,其生育意愿越强烈。18~25岁、26~34岁女性生育意愿分别是46~55岁女性的0.552(P=0.015)、0.662(P=0.039)倍;兄弟姐妹数量为0个、1个、2个的女性的生育意愿分别是兄弟姐妹数量≥3个的女性的0.497(P<0.001)、0.522(P<0.001)、0.628(P=0.002)倍;现有子女数量为0个、1个、2个的女性的生育意愿分别是现有子女数量≥3个的女性的0.024(P<0.001)、0.032(P<0.001)、0.209(P=0.010)倍;学历为大专、本科的女性的生育意愿分别是学历为研究生的女性的0.597(P=0.037)、0.568(P=0.016)倍。结论“三孩”政策下常州市居民生育意愿并不强烈,相关部门应出台更多配套的保护和激励政策,关注和保障妇女权益,大力宣传新生育政策,提供更加完善的托幼服务,以更好地推进“三孩”政策的实施。Objective To analyze the motive for childbearing and influencing factors of residents in Changzhou under the three-child policy.Methods A total of 1944 valid questionnaires were obtained from female residents aged 18-55 years in 6 municipal districts and 1 county-level city of Changzhou by multi-stage sampling.The factors affecting the motive for childbearing of the respondents were analyzed.Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the general situation of the respondents.Mante-Haenszel chisquare test was used to analyze the correlation between ordinal variable data,Kruskal-Wallis H test was employed to analyze the correlation between ordinal variable data and disordered variable data,and ordinal multivariate logistic regression was used to further analyze the influencing factors of motive for childbearing of the respondents.Results Only 41(2.1%)of the respondents had the ideal number of children greater than or equal to 3.Age(r=0.202,P<0.001),number of siblings(r=0.161,P<0.001),and number of existing children(r=0.370,P<0.001)were positively correlated with the motive for childbearing;education was negatively correlated with it(r=-0.129,P<0.001).Significant differences were also observed in the motive for childbearing among respondents with different occupations(H=20.916,P=0.004).The regression analysis showed that the higher the number of present children and siblings,the stronger the motive for childbearing.Women aged 18-25 and 26-34 years had 0.552(P=0.015)and 0.662(P=0.039)times higher the motive for childbearing than women aged 46-55 years,respectively;women with 0,1,and 2 siblings had 0.497(P<0.001),0.522(P<0.001),and 0.628(P=0.002)times higher motive for childbearing than women with over 3 siblings or more,respectively;women with 0,1,and 2 children at present had 0.024(P<0.001),0.032(P<0.001),and 0.209(P=0.010)times higher motive for childbearing than women with 3 children or more at present,respectively.Besides,women with junior college or undergraduate education levels had 0.597(P=0.037)or 0.

关 键 词：三孩政策 常州 居民 生育意愿 

分 类 号：R173[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] C924.21[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]