2023年全球矿业政策变化与启示  

Enlightenment on the global mining policy changes in 2023

作　　者：于瑞 张伟波[1] 张福良[1] 王靓靓[1] 张潮[1] 赵东杰 黄霞 YU Rui;ZHANG Weibo;ZHANG Fuiang;WANG Liangiang;ZHANG Chao;ZHAO Dongjie;HUANG Xia(Development Research Center of China Geological Survey,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局发展研究中心,北京100037

出　　处：《中国矿业》2024年第2期29-35,共7页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查项目“战略性矿产资源政策与投资环境评价”资助(编号:DD20211404)。

摘　　要：2023年,矿产资源供应安全受到世界各国普遍关注,国际竞争日趋激烈,主要资源国家矿业政策体系密集调整。发达国家发布或更新关键矿产战略,不断拓展国际矿业合作联盟,保障关键矿产安全供给。发展中国家通过修订矿业法,收紧关键矿产出口管制,实施勘查激励计划等措施强化资源主权,提高资源价值。发达国家关键矿产国际结盟态势助推供应链对华“去风险”,发展中国家产业链本土化需求或将催生产能和配套基建合作机遇期,全球矿业政策调整总体呈现区域化、本土化、绿色化的趋势,海外矿业投资面临东道国矿业政策频繁变动和地缘冲突加剧等多重挑战。建议探索建立具有更广泛包容性的全球关键矿产专门合作框架,谋划布局矿业国际产能合作基地,健全海外矿业投资保护体系,建立风险防范与应对机制,共同推动全球资源治理与矿业可持续发展。The security of the supply of mineral resources is highly concern for all countries in 2023,which leads to geopolitical conflicts and fierce international competition.Developed countries coordinate their mining and industrial strategies at the international level and build supply chains collaboratively to secure critical minerals supply.Developing countries strengthen resource sovereignty and increase the value of their resources by amending mining laws,tightening export controls on critical minerals and implementing exploration incentive schemes.The international alliances of critical minerals led by developed countries have boosted the supply chain’s“de-risking”from China.Meanwhile,the demand for localization of industrial and supply chains of developing countries may catalyze the opportunity for cooperation in capacity and supporting infrastructure.In general,the global mining policies have been adjusted frequently with the new trend of regionalization,indigenization,and green transformation.Overseas mining investments need to overcome multiple challenges,including frequent changes of mining policies and significant geopolitical risks.The recommended approaches to those complex situations are as follows:establishing of a more inclusive global cooperation framework for critical minerals,developing mining capacity cooperation of high quality,improving the mining investment protection system,and establishing risk prevention and response mechanism.Concrete actions need to be taken jointly to promote global resource governance and sustainable development of the mining industry.

关 键 词：矿业政策 关键矿产 矿业投资 资源治理 矿业合作 锂 

分 类 号：TD-0[矿业工程] F416.1[经济管理—产业经济]