云南鸡足山半湿润常绿阔叶林的林隙干扰格局与成因  

Patterns and causes of forest gap disturbance in a semi-humid evergreen broadleaved forest in the Jizu Mountains,Yunnan

作　　者：田希 刘文聪 饶杰生 王晓凤 杨涛[1] 陈稀 张秋雨 刘其明 徐衍潇 张旭 沈泽昊 Xi Tian;Wencong Liu;Jiesheng Rao;Xiaofeng Wang;Tao Yang;Xi Chen;Qiuyu Zhang;Qiming Liu;Yanxiao Xu;Xu Zhang;Zehao Shen(School of Ecology and Environmental Science,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091;Key Laboratory of MOE for Earth Surface Processes,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871;Yunnan Youtu Biotechnology Co.,LTD,Kunming 650599)

机构地区：[1]云南大学生态与环境学院,昆明650091 [2]北京大学城市与环境学院,地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京100871 [3]云南佑图生物科技有限公司,昆明650599

出　　处：《生物多样性》2023年第11期56-70,共15页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：云南省科技厅-云南大学双一流学科建设重大专项(2018FY001(-002));云南省基础研究计划重大项目课题(202101BC07 0002)。

摘　　要：林隙(forest gap,FG)是森林干扰中的一种常见形式。作为森林景观流动镶嵌结构的基础,林隙对森林群落更新和物种共存具有重要作用。本文基于2022年对云南大理鸡足山半湿润常绿阔叶林动态监测样地的植物群落调查结果,统计了所有活立木和粗木质残体(coarsewoodydebris,CWD)的物种组成和径级结构,分析了样地内所有木本植物胸高断面积和林隙形成木(forestgapmaker,FGM)数量的空间格局,并利用广义线性回归模型结合方差分解对林隙形成木定义的林隙干扰强度进行了定量环境解析。结果表明:(1)样地内粗木质残体的数量和胸高断面积之和分别相当于全部活立木的13.6%和15.8%;全部粗木质残体属于57种木本植物,共计12,317株;形成林隙形成木的有12个物种,共计2,280株。(2)活立木和粗木质残体的径级结构均呈倒“J”形,即小径级数量多、大径级数量少,反映了样地群落中的树木死亡主要源自群落演替前期的自疏过程。(3)林隙形成木的数量和平均密度按折干木、枯倒木、枯立木、活倒木依次减少。活立木、粗木质残体和林隙形成木的胸高断面积之和在样地内的分布差异显著:沟谷两侧的山坡较高,底部较低;各类林隙形成木均在浅沟沟谷侧坡数量最多,沟谷最少,除活倒木外其余3类在深沟沟谷及侧坡上均有分布。(4)环境因子对枯立木、枯倒木、折干木、活倒木的数量的解释率依次为16.7%、25.6%、37.2%和76.0%;生物竞争和自疏过程主导了枯立木和枯倒木的形成,对活倒木数量贡献最大的因子是土壤养分,而折干木的形成则由地形因子和生物因子共同驱动。Aims:Forest gaps are a common form of forest disturbance and play an important role in forest regeneration and species coexistence.The forest gaps serve as the basis for the forest landscape's shifting mosaic structure.We aim to provide the scientific basis for better conservation and management of the semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forests in the Jizu Mountains.Methods:This study analyzed the species composition and DBH class structure of all woody plants(including all standing living trees and coarse woody debris(CWD) based on a survey of the forest dynamics plot in a semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jizu Mountains starting in 2022.The spatial patterns of the basal area of all woody plants and the number of forest gap makers(FGM) in the plot were mapped using ArcGIS.An environmental interpretation using a generalized linear model combined with variance partitioning analysis was performed.Results:(1) The number and the basal area of CWD were about 13.6% and 15.8% for all standing living trees,respectively.A total of 57 woody species contributed to CWD formation,with a total of 12,317 individual trees;among which 12 species acted as FGMs,with a total of 2,280 individual trees.(2) The DBH class structure of standing living trees and CWD was like an inverted “J” type:with more individual trees having smaller DBH classes and fewer larger classes,indicating the main source of tree mortality was the self-thinning process during the early stage of community succession.(3) The number and average density of the FGM decreased as follows:trunk snapping(TS),dead fallen tree(DFT),standing dead tree(SDT),and leaning live tree(LLT);The sum of basal area for the standing living trees,CWD,and FGM differed significantly within the plot,with the hillsides on both sides of the gully being higher and at the gully bottom being lower;the number of all four types of FGM were abundant on the hillsides on both sides of the shallow gully,while it was lowest in the bottom of the shallow gully,all three types of FGM we

关 键 词：半湿润常绿阔叶林 粗木质残体 林隙形成木 胸高断面积之和 空间格局 环境解释 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]