我国中小企业职业病危害现状与防治对策  

Current situation and prevention and control countermeasures of occupational hazards in small and medium-sized enterprises in China

作　　者：卢昀春[1] 黄春湲 姜岳明[3] LU Yunchun;HUANG Chunyuan;JIANG Yueming(a Hospital Office,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Institute for the Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Disease,Nanning Guangxi,530021,China;Institute of Occupational Health and Toxicity Evaluation,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Institute for the Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Disease,Nanning Guangxi,530021,China;School of Public Health,Guangxi Medical University,Nanning Guangxi,530021,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区职业病防治研究院院办公室,广西南宁530021 [2]广西壮族自治区职业病防治研究院职业卫生与毒性评价所,广西南宁530021 [3]广西医科大学公共卫生学院,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《职业与健康》2023年第24期3446-3450,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：不同规模企业的职业病危害存在不同的特征,中小企业由于职业病防治意识淡薄、经济实力和社会稳定性较弱、生产管理水平不高等原因,与大型企业相比,职业病防治设施基础薄弱、职业危害防控难度大、发生职业病的风险高,是职业病防治监管的重点和难点。本文主要对我国中小企业的概况、职业病危害现状、职业病危害因素暴露水平、职业病危害的主要特点、防治现状进行综述,并对我国采取的职业病防治工作对策及措施进行总结,明确中小企业职业病危害防治的重点和方向,以保障劳动者职业健康权益。The occupational disease hazards of enterprises of different scales have different characteristics.Due to the weak awareness of occupational disease prevention and control,weak economic strength and social stability,and low production management level,small and medium-sized enterprises,compared with large enterprises,have weak infrastructure for occupational disease prevention and control,high difficulty in occupational hazard prevention and control,and high risk of occupational disease occurrence,which are the key and difficult points of occupational disease prevention and control supervision.This paper mainly summarizes the overview of small and medium-sized enterprises in China,the current situation of occupational disease hazards,the exposure level of occupational disease hazards,the main characteristics of occupational disease hazards,and the current status of prevention and control.It also summarizes the occupational disease prevention and control measures adopted in China,clarifies the focus and direction of occupational disease hazard prevention and control in small and medium-sized enterprises,in order to protect the occupational health rights and interests of workers.

关 键 词：中小企业 职业病危害 职业病防治 对策 

分 类 号：R134[医药卫生—劳动卫生]