5种杀虫剂对棉蚜的防效和对多异瓢虫的安全性评价  

Effect of five insecticides against Aphis gossypii and their safety evaluation on Hippodamia variegata

作　　者：李鹏飞[1] 郑艺翔 苟长青[1] 武刚 王兰[1] 冯宏祖[1] Li Pengfei;Zheng Yixiang;Gou Changqing;Wu Gang;Wang Lan;Feng Hongzu(Tarim University/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang/Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin,Aral,Xinjiang 843300,China;Agricultural Science Research Institute of 1st Division of The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Aral,Xinjiang 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学/南疆农业有害生物综合治理兵团重点实验室/塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用兵团重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]新疆生产建设兵团第一师农业科学研究所,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《棉花学报》2023年第6期487-496,共10页Cotton Science

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团财政科技计划(2021DB008);新疆生产建设兵团科技创新人才计划(2022CB004-01)。

摘　　要：【目的】杀虫剂的交替施用是害虫抗药性治理的主要策略之一,筛选既能有效防治新疆棉蚜又能保护棉田优势天敌多异瓢虫的杀虫剂。【方法】以新烟碱类杀虫剂20%(有效成分质量分数,下同)啶虫脒可溶液剂为对照,评价了50 g·L^(-1)双丙环虫酯可分散液剂和3种复配制剂(60%氟啶·噻虫嗪水分散粒剂、35%氟啶·啶虫脒水分散粒剂、39%螺虫·噻嗪酮悬浮剂)对新疆棉蚜的毒力和对多异瓢虫的毒性及田间防治效果(防效)。【结果】室内毒力测定结果表明:50 g·L^(-1)双丙环虫酯对棉蚜的毒力最高(LC50=11.66 mg·L^(-1)),大于对照杀虫剂20%啶虫脒(LC50=46.48 mg·L^(-1)),而3种复配制剂对棉蚜的毒力(LC50>70 mg·L^(-1))均低于对照杀虫剂。50 g·L^(-1)双丙环虫酯和3种复配制剂对多异瓢虫的毒性均低于对照杀虫剂20%啶虫脒,其中50 g·L^(-1)双丙环虫酯、35%氟啶·啶虫脒和39%螺虫·噻嗪酮对棉蚜的毒力明显大于其对多异瓢虫的毒性,对棉蚜具有正向选择性,而20%啶虫脒和60%氟啶·噻虫嗪对棉蚜具有负向选择性。田间药效试验表明:50 g·L^(-1)双丙环虫酯和3种复配制剂对棉蚜的防效均高于对照杀虫剂20%啶虫脒,药后7 d防效表现为60%氟啶·噻虫嗪>50 g·L^(-1)双丙环虫酯>39%螺虫·噻嗪酮>35%氟啶·啶虫脒>20%啶虫脒,分别为93.41%、91.22%、89.43%、87.90%和79.72%。【结论】50 g·L^(-1)双丙环虫酯可分散液剂、35%氟啶·啶虫脒水分散粒剂和39%螺虫·噻嗪酮悬浮剂不仅对棉蚜的田间防效优于20%啶虫脒可溶液剂,而且对多异瓢虫安全性好,建议在新疆棉田交替轮换使用双丙环虫酯、氟啶·啶虫脒和螺虫·噻嗪酮等杀虫剂防治蚜虫。[Objective]Alternative application of pesticides is one of the main strategies for pest resistance management.This study aims to select the insecticides against Aphis gossypii as well as safe to the dominant predatory natural enemy Hippodamia variegata in cotton fields in Xinjiang for further utilization.[Methods]The toxicity of five insecticides,a neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid 20%(active ingredient mass fraction)soluble concentrate(SL)as the control,afidopyropen 50 g·L^(-1)dispersible concentrate(DC),and three compound pesticides,flonicamid thiamethoxam 60%water dispersion granules(WG),flonicamid acetamiprid 35%WG,and spirotetramat buprofezin 39%suspension concentrate(SC),against A.gossypii and H.variegata were evaluated,and their field control effects against A.gossypii were investigated.[Results]The indoor toxicity test results showed that the toxicity of afidopyropen(LC50=11.66 mg·L^(-1))to A.gossypii was higher than that of the control agent acetamiprid(LC50=46.48 mg·L^(-1)),while the toxicity of flonicamid thiamethoxam,flonicamid acetamiprid,and spirotetramat buprofezin(LC50>70 mg·L^(-1))was lower than that of the control agent.The toxicity of afidopyropen and three compound agents to H.variegata was lower than that of the control agent.The toxicity of afidopyropen,spirotetramat buprofezin,and flonicamid acetamiprid against A.gossypii was obviously higher than H.variegata,and showed a positive selectivity,while flonicamid acetamiprid and flonicamid thiamethoxam had negative selectivity.The field efficacy test showed that the four tested agents had higher control efficiencies than the control agent.The control efficiency of flonicamid thiamethoxam,afidopyropen,spirotetramat buprofezin,flonicamid acetamiprid,and acetamiprid on A.gossypii at 7 d after treatment was 93.41%,91.22%,89.43%,87.90%,and 79.72%,respectively.[Conclusion]afidopyropen 50 g·L^(-1)DC,flonicamid acetamiprid 35%WG,and spirotetramat buprofezin 39%SC not only had better control effect on A.gossypii than acetamiprid 20%SC,but also

关 键 词：杀虫剂 棉蚜 多异瓢虫 毒力 防治效果 选择性 

分 类 号：S482.3[农业科学—农药学]