农民权视域下的我国生物安全立法  

The Biosecurity Legislation under the perspective of FarmersRights in China

作　　者：李一丁[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学法学院

出　　处：《清华法律评论》2023年第1期57-72,共16页Tsinghua Law Review

基　　金：2021年国家社科基金青年项目《新发展格局下种质资源安全法治体系建构研究》(21CFX048)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：农民权与生物安全本处于不同话语体系,但可通过种质资源安全发现两者可能联系。各国、各地区创设、推动及实施以调整和规范转基因技术及产品的第一代生物安全法具有以风险预防为原则、关注行政权力配置和注重程序正义等特征。它们虽然形塑生物多样性全球治理形态、推动全球生物安全法律管制趋势,但也存在忽略农民特殊群体权利关照、忽视多元共治治理格局等缺陷。借由印度和委内瑞拉等国生物安全反向立法实证分析,我国第二代生物安全法应突出种质资源安全功能作用,实现人本主义理念回归并坚持全过程多元治理模式。未来应在凸显种质资源安全前提下,考虑创设农民及群体选择或拒绝选育、繁殖、生产、销售生物技术种质资源及产品权利;农民及群体参与生物技术及产品听证、决策权利;农民及群体选育、繁殖、生产、使用含生物技术种质资源及产品损害救济权利,并适当补强配套法律规范以实现我国生物安全法代际更替。Farmersrights and biosecurity situated in different discussion context originally,but can be found possible connection between them through germplasm resource security.The first⁃generation of biosecurity legislation enacted,promoted and implemented by all countries and regions was committed to adjust and regulate transgenic technology and the transgenic product.It taking risk prevention as the principle,focused on the allocation of administrative power and emphasized procedural justice.It also helping form and shape global governance of biodiversity and legal regulate trends,but had some shortcomings,such as the ignorance of the rights of special groups and the pattern of pluralistic co⁃governance.Based on the empirical analysis from the example of legislation in India and Venezuela,the second one source from the first generation in China should highlights the function or effects of germplasm resource safety,realize the idea of humanitarianism back to normal and persist the regulate mode of“whole process”and“multi⁃stakeholder to participate in”.To mentions the safety of germplasm resource as fundamental basis for the key theoretically point and critical factor,empowers farmersright to choose or refuse selection,reproduction,production,sales of biotechnology germplasm resource and establishes hearings,demonstrations and decision⁃making procedures which allow farmer to participate in,set rules for farmers for the relief from the suffer due to select,propagate,produce and sale the germplasm resource contain transgenic technology or production,and to supplement the rules affiliated with the legislations.At the same time,achieves intergenerational replacement of biosecurity legislation in China.

关 键 词：农民权 种质资源安全 生物安全 第二代生物安全法 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]