轻罪时代下免予刑事处罚制度的重构  

Reconstruction of the System of Exemption from Criminal Punishment in the Era of Misdemeanor

作　　者：杨宁 冯悦超 

机构地区：[1]天津大学法学院

出　　处：《清华法律评论》2023年第1期125-150,共26页Tsinghua Law Review

基　　金：最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题[GJ2020C36]“醉驾”案件的认定与分流机制研究。

摘　　要：我国刑法的轻罪时代已经到来,对轻罪刑罚应当轻缓化。《刑法》第37条规定的免予刑事处罚制度与时代需求契合,应对其进行新解释以充分发挥作用。综合看轻罪时代带来的挑战以及免予刑事处罚的功能定位,免予刑事处罚的适用对缓解轻罪大量入刑难题具有重大作用。通过对我国免予刑事处罚现有判决的实证分析发现,免予刑事处罚和免除处罚混用、免予刑事处罚制度的适用判断标准混乱。重构免予刑事处罚制度的理论实质、明晰适用判断标准是该制度活化的关键。免予刑事处罚的实质是行为缺乏刑罚必要性。刑法免予刑事处罚条款具有独立地位。免予刑事处罚的适用应是一个逐层过滤过程,“犯罪情节轻微”和“不需要判处刑罚”分别被用来衡量责任刑情节和预防刑情节,在适用上应严格遵循先后顺序。The era of misdemeanor crime in my countrys criminal law has come,and the punishment for misdemeanor should be lightened.The system of exemption from criminal punishment stipulated in Article 37 of the Criminal Law is in line with the needs of the times,and a new interpretation should be made to give full play to it.Considering the challenges brought by the era of misdemeanor and the functional orientation of exemption from criminal punishment,the application of exemption from criminal punishment plays an important role in alleviating the problem of a large number of misdemeanors.Through the empirical analysis of the existing judgments of exemption from criminal punishment in my country,it is found that the application of exemption from criminal punishment and exemption from punishment is mixed,and the application judgment standard of the system of exemption from criminal punishment is confusing.Reconstructing the theoretical essence of the system of exemption from criminal punishment and clarifying the applicable judgment standards are the keys to the activation of the system.The essence of immunity from criminal punishment is that the behavior lacks the necessity of punishment.The provisions of the criminal law on immunity from criminal punishment have an independent status.The application of exemption from criminal punishment should be a layer⁃by⁃layer filtering process.“The crime is minor”and“no penalty is not required”are used to measure the circumstances of responsibility punishment and prevention punishment,respectively,and the order of application should be strictly followed.

关 键 词：免予刑事处罚 轻罪 责任刑情节 预防刑情节 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]