从搭配行为看现代汉语词类的语法化程度  

Grammaticalization degree of part of speech in modern Chinese from the perspective of collocation behaviors

作　　者：余碧燕 蒋跃[2] YU BIYANI;JIANG YUE(School of Foreign Studies Chang'an University,Xi'an Shaanxi 710064,China;School of Foreign Studies Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an Shaanxi 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学外国语学院,陕西西安710064 [2]西安交通大学外国语学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《西安电子科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期90-98,共9页Journal of Xidian University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：教育部项目“主述位结构改进神经机器翻译语篇连贯的适用性研究”(22YJAZH039)。

摘　　要：本研究选取现代汉语典型实词与虚词,获取节点词在一定跨距内的词搭配和类联接,分别测算熵值反映其搭配行为的多样性,进而讨论词的搭配行为与其语法化程度的关系。研究发现:1.节点词的搭配行为存在左右侧差异。因此在探究语法化过程中词的搭配行为变化时,需将节点词的左右侧分开讨论;2.基于现代汉语实虚词左右侧搭配行为差异分析,本研究认为,在汉语语法化过程中,语义弱化主要发生在节点词右侧,而句法黏附特征在左侧较为显著。这一假设真假与否,还需不同跨距、更多语言加以验证;3.词类语法化程度的比较需基于两种非范畴化路径,以名词和动词分别作为起始点,方向性地进行特征丧失的量化。就动词-介词这一动词性路径而言,随着语法化程度提高,词类搭配行为的改变主要发生在右侧,表现为语义弱化特征愈发显著。This study selects typical lexical and grammatical words in modern Chinese,obtains their collocations and colligations within a certain span,measures the entropy to reflect the diversity of collocation behaviors,and then discusses the relationship between collocation behaviors and the degree of grammaticalization.The findings are as follows:(1)There are left-right differences in the collocation behavior of node words.Therefore,it is suggested that the left and right sides of the node words should be separated when exploring the change of collocation behaviors in the process of grammaticalization.(2)Based on the analysis of the difference in collocation behaviors between the left and right sides of lexical and grammatical words in modern Chinese,this study believes that in the process of Chinese grammaticalization,semantic bleaching mainly occurs on the right side of node words,while bondedness is more significant on the left side.Whether this hypothesis is true or not needs to be verified by different spans and more languages.(3)The comparison of grammaticalization degrees of word classes should be based on two de-categorization paths,taking nouns and verbs as starting points respectively,and directionally quantifying feature loss.As far as the verb-preposition path is concerned,with the degree of grammaticalization increasing,the change of word collocation behavior mainly occurs on the right side,which is manifested by the increasingly significant semantic bleaching.

关 键 词：语法化 搭配 类联接 熵 词类 

分 类 号：H146.2[语言文字—汉语]