中国农业化学品使用效率测算及特征分析  

Calculation and Characteristic Analysis of Agricultural Chemicals Use Efficiency in China

作　　者：李益欣 郑军[1] 张明月[1] LI Yixin;ZHENG Jun;ZHANG Mingyue(School of Economics and Management,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学经济管理学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《科技与经济》2024年第1期56-60,共5页Science & Technology and Economy

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目——“基于质量安全的菜农过量施用农药行为及其矫正机制研究”(项目编号:22YJC790163,项目负责人:张明月)成果之一;山东省自然科学基金青年项目——“果蔬种植户绿色用药行为:现实测度、演化机理及政策引导”(项目编号:ZR2021QG009,项目负责人:张明月)成果之一;山东省现代农业产业技术体系薯类产业技术体系岗位专家项目(项目编号:SDAIT-16-12,项目负责人:郑军)成果之一。

摘　　要：综合利用三阶段DEA模型、超效率SBM模型和Malmquist指数模型,从静态特征和动态特征两个层面对2000—2019年中国30个省份的农业化学品使用效率及其变动趋势进行分析。研究发现:我国农业化学品使用效率具有较大的提升潜力,地区间农业化学品使用效率具有明显的时空特征差异;高效率地区数量先减后增,并由传统作物主产地区向华南地区扩展;西北地区和京津地区属于低效率地区,高效率地区主要分布在平原地带。从动态特征来看,我国农业化学品使用效率整体稳中有升,受技术进步影响呈现阶段性变化。我国应持续挖掘农业化学品减量增效潜力,加强新型农业化学品减量与替代技术的研发与推广,优化农业生产资源配置和区域布局。This paper comprehensively uses the three-stage DEA model,the super-efficiency SBM model and the Malmquist index model to analyze the use efficiency of agricultural chemicals and its changing trend in 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2019 from three aspects:static characteristics,dynamic characteristics and spatial-temporal characteristics.The results show that:from the perspective of static characteristics,the average input efficiency of agricultural chemicals in China has been in a non-effective state and is significantly affected by demographic characteristics and economic development level;from the perspective of dynamic characteristics,thanks to technological progress,the overall efficiency of the use of agricultural chemicals in China has increased steadily;from the perspective of spatial-temporal characteristics,the number of high-efficiency areas in the study area shows a U type change,and it is mainly distributed in the Northeast Plain,North China Plain and other areas with rich cultivated land resources.Accordingly,China should continue to tap the potential of reducing the amount and increasing the efficiency of agricultural chemicals,strengthen the research and development and promotion of new agricultural chemicals reduction and alternative technologies,and optimize the allocation of agricultural production resources and regional layout.

关 键 词：三阶段DEA模型 超效率SBM模型 MALMQUIST指数 农业化学品使用效率 特征分析 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济] S143[农业科学—肥料学] S48[农业科学—农业基础科学]