硬质阻燃保温聚氨酯复合材料的制备与性能研究  

Preparation and Performance Study of Rigid Flame Retardant Insulation Polyurethane Composites

作　　者：杨凯波[1] 刘康礼 YANG Kai-bo;LIU Kang-li(Yangzhou Polytechnic University,Yangzhou 225000,China;Tus-Design Group Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou 215000,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州市职业大学,江苏扬州225000 [2]启迪设计集团股份有限公司,江苏苏州215000

出　　处：《塑料科技》2024年第1期75-79,共5页Plastics Science and Technology

摘　　要：聚氨酯材料具有良好的耐化学性和力学性能,但是其易燃烧的特性限制其进一步应用。为了获得兼具阻燃保温和良好力学性能的聚氨酯复合材料,采用精氨酸(Arg)对聚磷酸铵(APP)进行表面改性,以提高硬质聚氨酯的阻燃性能和保温性能。结果表明:当Arg-APP掺入量为10%时,聚氨酯复合材料的极限氧指数(LOI)值维持在27%左右,通过UL-94 V0级,聚氨酯复合材料的总热释放量值维持在40 MJ/m~2,残炭率维持在25%左右,拉伸强度及弯曲强度分别为58.23 MPa和7.22 MPa,断裂伸长率为7.39%。适量掺入Arg-APP有效改善聚氨酯的阻燃性和防滴落性能,提升热稳定性。Arg-APP在提升聚氨酯复合材料拉伸强度和弯曲强度的同时,也有效提升了材料的断裂伸长率。Polyurethane materials have good chemical resistance and mechanical properties,which are widely used in many fields.However,the characteristic of easy combustion limits their further application.In order to obtain polyurethane composites with both flame retardancy and good mechanical properties,ammonium polyphosphate(APP)was surface modified with arginine(Arg) to improve their flame retardancy and thermal insulation performance against hard polyurethane.The results showed that when the content of Arg-APP was 10%,the LOI value of the polyurethane composites was maintained at around 27%,passing the UL-94 V0 level.The total heat release value of the polyurethane composites was maintained at 40 MJ/m^(2),the carbon residue rate was maintained at around 25%,and the tensile strength and bending strength were 58.23 MPa and 7.22 MPa,respectively.The elongation at break was maintained at around 7.39%.Overall,the appropriate addition of Arg-APP can effectively improve the flame retardancy and anti dripping performance of polyurethane,allowing polyurethane composites to have a longer ignition time and lower total heat release.It also effectively improves the carbon forming effect of polyurethane composites and enhances their thermal stability in high-temperature environments.Arg-APP not only improves the tensile strength and bending strength of polyurethane composites,but also effectively improves the elongation at break of the material.

关 键 词：聚氨酯 聚磷酸铵 精氨酸 阻燃性能 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TQ323.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]