基于卫星遥感监测技术的长江安徽段土地利用与水质调研分析  

Analysis of Land Use and Water Quality in the Anhui Section of the Yangtze River Based on Satellite Remote Sensing Monitoring Techniques

作　　者：顾行发 杨杭 GU Xingfa;YANG Hang(Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing100094,Chian;National Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Satellite Applications,Beijngl0010l,China;Jiangsu Thxpace Information Research Institute Co.LTD,Changzhou Jiangsu213001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院空天信息创新研究院,北京100094 [2]遥感卫星应用国家工程研究中心,北京100101 [3]江苏天汇空间信息研究院有限公司,江苏常州213001

出　　处：《中国发展》2023年第6期74-82,共9页China Development

基　　金：江苏省科技公共服务平台建设项目(项目编号:BM2022021);长江安徽段卫星遥感监测技术服务项目支持。

摘　　要：中共十八大以来,围绕长江经济带发展这一区域重大战略,习近平总书记多次召开长江经济带发展座谈会,指出把修复长江生态环境摆在压倒性位置,“共抓大保护,不搞大开发”。利用卫星遥感先进技术对长江安徽段沿江主要城市重点区域进行城市建设、生态环境、工农业业、港口治理、污染防治等方面进行遥感监测,结果表明:(1)长江生态环境保护取得了巨大成效,体现在新安江、巢湖、菜子湖等重点水域水质有了大幅改善,近年水质参数维持在良好水平。(2)土地利用变化分析可知:长江沿线城市经济活力强,发展迅速,体现在土地利用变化方面:合肥市、芜湖市2019年-2020年耕地占比减少较为明显,2021年-2022年期间有所回升。合肥市、安庆市2019年-2022年建筑用地占比增加较为明显,淮南市耕地占比减少较为明显,建筑面积略有减少,植被覆盖增加较为明显。(3)重点调研区域中,土地利用变化主要体现在城市建设、矿山开采与修复、码头整顿与治理、交通道路建设、水利改造工程、工业区改造等。这些变化表明城市基础设施逐步完善,促进了城市经济发展,改善了居民生活环境。(4)通过全省植被变化大气参数分析结果表明植被总体呈现恢复状态,空气质量呈现上升趋势,然而不同月份间大气质量有起伏,表明需要对大气进行长时序的监测与全面应急备案。Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,a major strategic focus has been placed on the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.General Secretary Xi Jinping has convened several symposiums on the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,emphasizing the overwhelming importance of prioritizing the restoration of the ecological environment of the Yangtze River and advocating for"joint efforts in large-scale environmental protection,without pursuing large-scale development."This research utilizes advanced satellite remote sensing technology to conduct remote sensing monitoring on key areas along the Anhui section of the Yangtze River,focusing on urban construction,ecological environment,industry and agriculture,portmanagement,pollution prevention and control,and other aspects.The results show that:(1)Significant achievements have been made in the protection of the ecological environment of the Yangtze River,reflected in substantial improvements in water quality in key water bodies such as the Xin'anRiver,ChaohuLake,andCaiziLake,with water quality parameters being maintained at a good level in recent years.(2)Analysis of land use changes reveals that cities along the Yangtze River exhibit strong economic vitality and rapid development.Specifically,the analysis indicates that the proportion of arable land decreased significantly in Hefei and Wuhu from 2019 to 2020,with a slight rebound from 2021 to 2022.The proportion of construction land increased significantly in Hefei and Anqing from 2019 to 2022,while the proportion of arable land decreased notably in Huainan,with a slight decrease in building area and a significant increase in vegetation coverage.(3)In the key research areas,land use changes are mainly reflected in urban construction,mining and reclamation,port rectification and management,roadconstruction,water conservancy projects,and industrial area renovation.These changes demonstrate the gradual improvement of urban infrastructure,which has promoted urban economic developm

关 键 词：长江安徽段 生态环境 卫星遥感监测 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]