钴酸锂电池低温特性和针刺安全性能研究  

Research on low temperature characteristics and pinning safety performance of lithium cobalt oxide batteries

作　　者：钱广俊 郑岳久[1] 卢兰光[2] 孙跃东[1] 韩雪冰[2] QIAN Guangjun;ZHENG Yuejiu;LU Languang;SUN Yuedong;HAN Xuebing(College of Mechanical Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China;School of Vehicle and Mobility,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学机械工程学院,上海200093 [2]清华大学车辆与运载学院,北京100084

出　　处：《上海理工大学学报》2024年第1期21-29,共9页Journal of University of Shanghai For Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52177217);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(3212031)。

摘　　要：以低温下工作的钴酸锂(LCO)电池为研究对象,通过实验研究其在低温下的特性和热失控温度变化情况。首先,通过不同温度下的容量测试,对比了-30℃时三元锂离子电池与LCO电池的容量保持率,结果表明,LCO电池在-30℃低温放电容量保持率几乎达到三元锂离子电池的2倍;其次,利用混合功率脉冲特性测试得到了不同温度下电池的内阻;接着,对低温下LCO电池电化学阻抗进行测试,结果表明,-10,-20,-30℃时的电荷转移阻抗较0℃时分别增加了180%,702%,2 400%;最后,对LCO进行针刺热失控实验,结果表明,钢针刺破电池背面后,电池表面最高温度不超过530℃,伴有少量火星,很快产生大量烟雾,并没有发生着火的现象。This study is centered on exploring the characteristics of lithium cobalt oxide(LCO) batteries under low-temperature conditions and investigating the temperature fluctuations associated with thermal runaway events.Firstly,capacity tests were conducted at varying temperatures to compare the capacity retention rates of ternary lithium-ion batteries and LCO batteries at-30 ℃.These tests revealed that LCO batteries nearly doubled their discharge capacity in comparison to ternary lithium-ion batteries at this temperature.Secondly,the internal resistance of the batteries was obtained by using the mixedpower pulse characterization test at different temperatures.Then,testing was conducted on the electrochemical impedance of LCO batteries under low-temperature conditions,revealing that at-10 ℃,-20 ℃,and-30 ℃,the charge transfer impedance increases by 180%,702%,and 2 400%,respectively,compared to 0 ℃.Finally,a nail penetration experiment was executed on the LCO batteries and found that the maximum temperature of the battery surface was not more than 530 ℃ after a steel needle pierces the back of the battery,which was accompanied by a small amount of sparks.Subsequently,substantial smoke generation occurred without any indication of a fire event.

关 键 词：钴酸锂电池 容量保持率 电荷转移阻抗 针刺实验 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]