熔纺双组分超细纤维成型工艺及其应用研究进展  

Progress on processing and application of melt-spun bicomponent ultra-fine fibers

作　　者：曹阳[1] 宋兵 张恒 王亮[1] 钱晓明[1] CAO Yang;SONG Bing;ZHANG Heng;WANG Liang;QIAN Xiaoming(School of Textile Science and Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China;College of Textiles,Zhongyuan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 451191,China;Mingxinxuteng Institute of Innovation Co.,Ltd.,Xuzhou 221436,China)

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学纺织科学与工程学院,天津300387 [2]中原工学院纺织学院,郑州451191 [3]明新旭腾创新研究院有限公司,江苏徐州221436

出　　处：《丝绸》2024年第3期66-76,共11页Journal of Silk

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52003306);河南省重大科技专项项目(221100310500);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(23A540003);中国纺织工业联合会应用基础研究项目(J201805)。

摘　　要：熔纺双组分超细纤维由于其原料和成型技术的组合多样性而备受青睐。然而,在现有的制备工艺中,熔纺双组分超细纤维存在如能耗大、难以细旦化和污染环境等问题,限制了其在实际生产和高质应用领域的进一步发展。并且在实际的生产过程中,不同的原料选择、组件使用及工艺调控等因素都对熔纺双组分超细纤维成型效果影响显著。因此,合理调控熔纺双组分超细纤维成型过程中各阶段影响因素对其综合性能进一步提升具有重大意义。为更全面理解熔纺双组分超细纤维的本质,本文以桔瓣型纤维和海岛型纤维为研究基体,探究了熔纺双组分超细纤维的纺丝成型机理及其影响因素;阐述了熔纺双组分超细纤维多样的开纤工艺(机械开纤、化学开纤和热能开纤);归结了熔纺双组分超细纤维在合成革、空气过滤和医疗卫生等材料领域的应用;最后对熔纺双组分超细纤维广阔的发展前景进行了展望。In recent years,ultra-fine fiber nonwovens are widely used in various fields due to their excellent performances,and play a vital role in in our daily life.Currently,there are various methods to produce ultra-fine fibers,such as electrospinning,centrifugal spinning,flash spinning and melt spinning.Among them,melt-spun bicomponent ultra-fine fibers have broadly drawn attention due to the selective diversity of combinations of raw materials and processing techniques.In addition,melt-spun bicomponent fibers are dominant in the market because of their ability to be produced on a large scale.However,industrial producing of melt-spun bicomponent ultra-fine fibers usually suffers from problems such as high energy consumption,large diameter and environmental issue,which limit their high-quality development and applications in future.During the practical processing,selection of different polymers,use age of spinning packs of different sizes,and adjustment of different spinning parameters have significant impacts on the formation of melt-spun bicomponent ultra-fine fibers.Therefore,it is of great significance to regulate the influencing factors in the forming process of bicomponent ultra-fine fibers to further improve their comprehensive performances.In order to understand the nature of melt-spun bicomponent ultra-fine fibers more comprehensively,this paper took segmented-pie fibers and sea-island fibers as the research matrix,explored the spinning and forming mechanism of melt-spun bicomponent ultra-fine fibers and the influencing factors,elaborated the diverse open fiber processes of melt-spun bicomponent ultra-fine fibers,and summarized the applications of melt-spun bicomponent ultra-fine fibers in different fields.As for the spinning process,by using conjugated melt spinning with different types of melt distribution systems,segmented-pie fibers and figured sea-island fibers could be prepared respectively.In the meanwhile,the forming mechanism of unfigured sea-island fibers was clearly revealed.In the spinning process,b

关 键 词：双组分超细纤维 双组分熔融纺丝 纺丝机理 机械开纤 热能开纤 超细纤维合成革 

分 类 号：TS102.64[轻工技术与工程—纺织工程] TQ340.642[轻工技术与工程—纺织科学与工程]