从等级差异到阶级对立:马克思阶级概念的本质意蕴及其理论价值  

From Hierarchical Difference to Class Antagonism:the Essential Implication and Theoretical Value of Marx’s Concept of Class

作　　者：黄杜 彭定光[2] HUANG Du;PENG Ding-guang(College of Marxism,Hunan Institute of Engineering,Xiangtan,Hunan 411104,China;Chinese Ethical Civilization Research Center,Key Research Base for Humanities and SocialSciences of the Ministry of Education,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,Hunan 411100,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南工程学院马克思主义学院,湖南湘潭411104 [2]湖南师范大学教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地中华伦理文明研究中心,湖南长沙411100

出　　处：《湘潭大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第1期169-174,共6页Journal of Xiangtan University:Philosophy And Social Sciences

基　　金：2022年湖南省哲学社会科学规划基金项目“以人民为中心的人类文明新形态研究”(22YBA195)。

摘　　要：马克思的阶级概念不仅是旨向人与人之间的一般等级差异,限于政治地位、经济财富的外在、形式区分,更是根植于社会生产方式这一历史根本结构中的本质性对立。阶级是个历史范畴。人类社会从自然等级差异逐步走向社会阶级对立的时代,这蕴含着巨大的历史进步,也潜伏着更深的社会等级关系。马克思的阶级概念完成对这一历史现实的理论确认,揭露出人类历史发展的本质规律,实现了对德国古典哲学、古典政治经济学与空想社会主义等学说总体的、科学的批判,历史性地生成了科学的人类解放理论。Marx’s concept of class signifies not merely general hierarchical difference between people,confined to the superficial and formal distinctions based on political status and economic wealth,but moreover,it indicates the essential antagonisms rooted in the historical fundamental structure of social production relations.Class is a historical category.The human society has gradually moved from the natural hierarchical difference to the era of social class opposition,which implies great historical progress and also a latent deeper social hierarchy.Marx’s concept of class has completed the theoretical confirmation of this historical reality,revealed the essential law of human historical development,realized the overall and scientific criticism of such theories or doctrines as German classical philosophy,classical political economy and utopian socialism,and has historically generated a scientific theory of human liberation.

关 键 词：等级差异 阶级对立 马克思哲学 人类解放 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]