北美车前提取液对稗草和千金子的化感作用  

Allelopathic Effects of Plantago virgica Extract on Echinochloa crus-galli and Leptochloa chinensis

作　　者：张家迪 刘双清[1] 邬腊梅[2] 周尚峰 黄晨 杨浩娜 ZHANG Jia-di;LIU Shuang-qing;WU La-mei;ZHOU Shang-feng;HUANG Chen;YANG Hao-na(Hunan Agricultural University College of Plant Protection,Changsha,Hunan Province 410128,China;Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hunan Weed Science Key Laboratory,Changsha,Hunan Province 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学植物保护学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南省农业科学院杂草生物学及安全防控湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《草地学报》2024年第2期510-516,共7页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2022CX01);湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ40368);国家自然科学基金(U22A20461);国家现代农业产业(麻类)技术体系科学家项目“杂草与综合防控岗位”(CARS-16-E19);湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2022CX01)资助。

摘　　要：从植物中筛选出具有除草活性的化感物质为植物源除草剂的开发提供了丰富的资源。本试验比较分析了北美车前(Plantago virginica)水提液、醇提液与腐解提取液对稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli)和千金子(Leptochloa chinensis)种子萌发的化感作用。并利用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用(UHPLC-QE-MS)技术鉴定腐解提取液中的主要化感物质,评价各物质对稗草和千金子种子萌发的影响。结果显示:腐解提取液对稗草和千金子种子萌发的抑制效果最强,壬酸、正辛酸、4-甲基儿茶酚为主要化感物质。4-甲基儿茶酚处理后稗草超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性随处理浓度增加先增强又下降。而相同处理下的千金子SOD与POD活性随试验浓度增高先降低后增高,CAT活性则随试验浓度增大而增强,表明4-甲基儿茶酚处理干扰了杂草体内活性氧平衡,且对稗草和千金子抗氧化酶的影响不同。Screening of allelochemicals with herbicidal activity from plants provides a rich resource for botanical herbicide.In this experiment,we compared and analyzed the allelopathic effects of autocleaved distilled water extraction,ethanol extraction and plant decomposition on the germination of Echinochloa crusgalli and Leptochloa chinensis seeds in Plantago virginica.Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UHPLC-QE-MS)technology was used to identify the main allelochemicals in the decomposition extract of P.virginica,and the allelopathy of the main allelochemicals on the germination of E.crusgalli and L.chinensis was evaluated.The results showed that the decomposition extract had the strongest inhibitory effect on the germination of E.crusgalli and L.chinensis,and nonanoic acid,n-octanoic acid and 4-methylcatechol were the major allelochemicals.Further studied found the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and peroxidase(POD)of E.crusgalli after 4-methylcatechol treatment increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of experimental concentration.Under the same treatment,the activities of SOD and POD of L.chinensis decreased first and then increased,the activities of CAT increased with the increase of experimental concentration.It showed that 4-methylcatechol treatment interfered with the active oxygen balance in weeds and had different effects on antioxidant enzymes in E.crusgalli and L.chinensis.

关 键 词：北美车前 化感作用 植物源除草剂 稗草 千金子 腐解 

分 类 号：S451.1[农业科学—植物保护]