日本东京城市社会治安主体的类型、功能与启示  

Analysis of the Types,Functions,and Implications of Urban Social Security Subject in Tokyo

作　　者：杜坤熠 王建新 DU Kunyi;WANG Jianxin(Peoples Public Security University of China,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学治安学院,北京100038

出　　处：《河南警察学院学报》2023年第6期119-128,共10页Journal of Henan Police College

摘　　要：当今社会治理中,政府在公共管理中的核心地位逐渐弱化,由居民组成的社会组织作用日益凸显。日本东京作为世界最安全的城市之一,公众安全感水平连年提高,其重要原因在于各类社会治安主体的广泛参与。对东京社会治安主体进行类型化分析,可以将其按照自治性治安社会组织、商业性治安社会组织、志愿性治安社会组织、单位内部保卫组织、中介性治安社会组织五个类型汇总。从内在功能来看,东京城市社会治安主体不仅与东京警视厅建立起联系的桥梁,弥补其警力不足的问题,还为公众有序参与治安秩序维护提供组织保障,满足了社会多样化的治安需求。借鉴东京的经验,我国大型城市社会治安主体可以从治理理念、法律制度、运行机制、保障措施四个方面进行完善,推动我国大型城市社会治安防控体系主体多元化、社会治理现代化建设。In today's social governance,the central position of the government is gradually weakening,and the role of social organizations composed of residents is becoming increasingly prominent.As one of the safest cities in the world,Tokyo has seen an increase in the level of public safety year after year,which is due in large part to the extensive participation of various types of social security subjects.With the typological analysis of main bodies of public order in Tokyo,the subjects can be divided into five categories:autonomous public order organizations,commercial public order organizations,voluntary public order organizations,unit internal security organizations and intermediary public order organizations.From the viewpoint of intrinsic functions,Tokyo's social security subjects not only establish a bridge of communication with the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department and make up for the shortage of its police force,but also provide organizational guarantee for the public to participate in the maintenance of public order in an orderly manner and satisfy the diversified needs of society in terms of public order.Drawing on the experience of Tokyo,China's large urban social security bodies can be improved in governance concepts,legal systems,operational mechanisms,and safeguards to promote the diversification of the main body of China's large urban social security prevention and control system and the modernization of social governance.

关 键 词：社会治安主体 公众参与 治安秩序维护 

分 类 号：D631[政治法律—政治学]