数据要素市场化配置的法治推进——兼论《数据二十条》相关条款设计  

The Promotion of the Rule of Law in the Market-oriented Allocation of Data Factors-Also on the Design of Twenty Data Measures

作　　者：陈兵[1] CHEN Bing(School of Law,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院,天津300350

出　　处：《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期1-13,共13页Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(19JJD820009);2023年度最高人民法院司法研究重大课题(ZGFYZDKT202317-03)。

摘　　要：数据要素市场化配置的程度与水平决定了充分释放数据要素动能的程度,对加快数据产业链、价值链重构与转型升级意义重大。数据要素市场化配置的前提是明确数据产权归属,基础是构建统一开放的数据要素市场,发展是健全高效的定价机制,底线是保障数据要素安全发展。我国虽已明确了数据这一新型生产要素的重要地位,但相关法律尚未明确数据的产权归属,全国统一的数据要素市场尚未建立,数据要素定价机制尚未明确,数据要素市场交易与监管的边界也尚未清晰,所有这些阻碍了数据要素市场化配置的充分实现。故需立足数据要素市场的特征与现实,以数据产权结构性分置制度促进数据动态权属流动,构建统一开放的数据要素交易市场机制,同时厘清数据监管边界,保障数据要素市场安全发展,实现数据要素高水平、高质量、高效率的市场化配置。The degree and level of market-oriented allocation of data factors determine whether the driving force of data factors can be fully released,which is of great significance for accelerating the reconstruction,transformation and upgrading of data industrial and value chains.The premise of marketoriented allocation of data factors is to clarify the ownership of data property rights,its foundation is to build a unified and open market of data factors,its development path is to build a sound and efficient pricing mechanism,and its bottom line is to guarantee the safe development of data factors.Although China has made clear the important position of data as a new production factor,many problems hinder the full realization of market-oriented allocation of data factors,such as the failure to make clear the ownership of data in relevant laws,lack of an established unified national market and a clarified pricing mechanism of data factors,and ambiguities of the boundaries between transaction and supervision in data factor market.Therefore,based on the characteristics and reality of the data factor market,it is necessary to promote the dynamic ownership of data with the structural separation system of data property rights,build a unified and open trading mechanism of the data factor market,clarify the boundaries of data supervision,ensure the safe development of the data factor market,and realize high-level,high-quality and high-efficient market allocation of data factors.

关 键 词：数据要素市场化配置 《数据二十条》 数据权属 数据安全 法治推进 

分 类 号：D922.29[政治法律—经济法学]