相变:生产方式如何塑造财产规则  

Phase Transformation:How the Mode of Production Shapes the Property Rules

作　　者：胡凌[1] HU Ling(Law School,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100871

出　　处：《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期14-27,共14页Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA146)。

摘　　要：当前关于数字时代财产权利的讨论持续不断,基本上可以分为两种类型:一种是针对较为具体的虚拟物品(如信息内容、游戏装备、账号、数据、虚拟币等),在特定场景中沿着既有法律框架或概念进行分析;一种则试图在原理上阐明数字时代究竟何种对象能够适用财产规则进行更好的保护,以及这种财产规则的构成要件为何,如按照“权利束”或“模块化”框架加以应用。有必要转换角度提问,即成熟的财产权利制度出现,不是因为法律研究主张为何种事物或利益赋予财产权就能自动实现,而是赋权的外部环境成熟了,才会催生相关利益主体提出主张,并推动相关利益在法律上得到确认和保护。违背生产秩序的产权结构和财产规则不可能出现在数字时代,在生产方式进行巨大调整时,财产规则和其他部门法律规则一样,都面临着双重历史任务:一是“破”,即挑战并打破传统制度,允许要素超越既有生产过程低成本流动;一是“立”,即根据生产方式要求树立反映特殊性的新制度,重新商定哪些要素和利益允许参与者继续占有和使用,划定边界。The current continuous discussions on property rights in the digital age can be basically divided into two categories.One focuses on the analysis on more specific virtual goods(such as information content,game equipment,account number,data,virtual currency,etc.)in a concrete context based on the existing legal framework or concepts,such as the framework of“bundle of rights”or“modular”framework.The other tries to explain in principles what kind of objects can be better protected by property rules in the digital age,and what are the constituent elements of such property rules.It is necessary to change the perspective to raise questions,recognizing that the emergence of a mature property rights system is not a natural outcome of the statements for empowering what kind of objects or interested parties with property rights,but a result of a mature external environment for empowerment,which has caused relevant stakeholders to make proposals and promote the legal confirmation and protection of relevant interests.It is impossible for those property right structures or property rules that violate the production order to be established in the digital age.Facing the dramatic adjustments of the mode of production,the property rules,like the legal rules of other sectors,have to shoulder dual historical missions:one is to“break away”by challenging and shaking offing the traditional system and allowing factors to flow beyond the existing production process at low cost,and the other is to“establish”by erecting a new system that reflects particularity in accordance with the requirements of production mode,renegotiating which elements and interests are allowed for participants to continue to occupy and use,and delineating boundaries between them.

关 键 词：相变 生产方式 财产规则 流动性 基础设施 

分 类 号：D922.29[政治法律—经济法学]