理解不同体重儿童的身体活动:真实与自我知觉的动作能力匹配的影响  

Understanding Physical Activity in Children with Varying Body Weights:Impact of Congruence Between Actual and Perceived Motor Competence

作　　者：李宣熹 苏政 李静[1] 王丽[2] 刁玉翠[1] LI Xuanxi;SU Zheng;LI Jing;WANG Li;DIAO Yucui(Shandong Normal University,Jinan,Shandong 250358,China;Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an,Shandong 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学,山东济南250358 [2]山东农业大学,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2024年第1期97-104,116,共9页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(19CTY011)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨真实的动作能力(MC)与自我知觉的动作能力(PMC)匹配情况对不同体重儿童身体活动(PA)的影响。方法:使用加拿大灵敏与动作技能评价、Harter修订的儿童自我知觉量表中的运动分量表、Yamax EX510型计步器对济南市9~12岁342名(M年龄=10.73,SD=0.86)儿童的MC、PMC和PA进行测量,并运用多项式回归和响应面分析对数据进行分析。结果:1)在匹配情况下,相较于低MC-低PMC被试,具有高MC-高PMC特征的儿童的PA水平更高(正常体重,a_(1)=0.50,p<0.05且a_(2)=0.09,p>0.05;超重肥胖,a_(1)=0.59,p<0.05且a_(2)=0.01,p>0.05);2)在不匹配情况下:相较于低估MC的被试,高估MC的正常体重组儿童表现出更高的PA水平(a_(4)=0.07,p>0.05;a_(3)=-0.19,p<0.05),但这一差异在超重肥胖组儿童中并不显著(Z-Hat=0.19,p<0.05)。结论:在中国文化背景下,MC与PMC的协同提高对不同体重儿童的PA提高具有促进作用,但两者的不协调发展对不同体重儿童的PA的影响存在差异。建议采取针对性策略促进儿童MC与PMC的同步提高。Objective:The purpose was to examine the impact of congruence between actual motor competence(MC)and perceived motor competence(PMC)on physical activity(PA)in children with varying body weights.Methods:The Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment,the physical competence subscale of Self-Perc-eption Profile for Children,and the Yamax EX510 pedometer were used to measure MC,PMC,and PA of 342 children(Mage=10.73,SD=0.86)aged 9 to 12 years in Jinan,respectively.Polynomial regression and response surface analysis were conducted to analyze the data.Results:(1)In the congruence situation:children with“high MC-high PMC”had higher PA levels compared to those with“low MC-low PMC”(normal weight:a_(1)=0.50,p<0.05 and a_(2)=0.09,p>0.05;overweight and obese:a_(1)=0.59,p<0.05 and a_(2)=0.01,p>0.05);(2)in the case of incongruence:normal-weight children with“overestimated MC”showed higher PA levels compared to those with“underestimated MC”(a_(4)=0.07,p>0.05;a_(3)=-0.19,p<0.05),but this difference was not significant in overweight and obese children(Z-Hat=0.19,p<0.05).Conclusion:In the Chinese cultural context,the synergistic improvement of MC and PMC can contribute to the improvement of PA in children with different body weights.However,the impact of incongruent development between MC and PMC on PA varies among children with differ-ent body weights.Targeted strategies are recommended to promote the simultaneous improvement of MC and PMC in children.

关 键 词：儿童 超重肥胖 身体活动 动作能力 自我知觉动作能力 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]