低碳农业发展的制度困境与法治构建  

The Institutional Dilemma and Legal Construction of Low-Carbon Agriculture Development

作　　者：闫海[1] 朱少兵 YAN Hai;ZHU Shao-bing(Law School,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110136,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学法学院,辽宁沈阳110136

出　　处：《青岛农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期74-82,共9页Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University(Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“我国凭单制公共服务供给法治化研究”(23AFX016)。

摘　　要：实现双碳目标的时间紧、任务重与领域窄的矛盾越来越凸显,亟需拓展减排降碳增汇的途径和方法。农业生产活动既是主要碳源,又是重要的碳汇主体,低碳农业可助力“双碳”目标的实现。目前,农业低碳发展仍处于初级阶段,存在着主体减排能力弱、土壤固碳效果差、绿色金融匮乏及农业碳汇交易市场缺乏等诸多制度困境,低碳农业发展亟待从技术命题拓展到法治命题。我国需要通过培育低碳农业经营主体,建立土壤碳汇政府主导和市场机制,绿色金融支农激励和风险补偿机制以及农业碳汇交易规范体系的构建,提升农业减排固碳增汇领域的国家治理体系和治理能力现代化水平。The contradiction between the urgency and heaviness of the task and the narrow scope in achieving the dual-carbon goals is becoming increasingly prominent.There is an urgent need to explore ways and methods to reduce emissions,lower carbon levels,and increase carbon sequestration.Agricultural production activities are not only the primary source of carbon emissions but also an important carbon sink.Low-carbon agriculture can contribute to the achievement of the"dual-carbon"goals.Currently,the development of low-carbon agriculture is still in its early stages,facing challenges such as weak capacity for primary emission reduction,poor soil carbon sequestration effects,a lack of green finance,and the absence of a market for agricultural carbon sink transactions.The development of low-carbon agriculture urgently needs to expend from a technological front to a legal front.China needs to foster low-carbon agricultural operating entities,establish a soil carbon sink system led by the government and market mechanisms,and build a framework for green finance to support agriculture,as well as mechanisms for incentives and risk compensation.Additionally,the establishment of a standardized system for agricultural carbon sink transactions is essential to enhance the modernization level of national governance system and governance capabilities in the field of agricultural emission reduction,carbon sequestration,and carbon increase.

关 键 词：低碳农业 经营主体 农业碳汇 绿色金融 自愿减排交易 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]