从危险到行为:不能犯概念的厘清及认定方式的重构  

From Danger to Behavior:the Clarification of the Concept of Impossibility of Offender and the Reconstruction of Identification

作　　者：叶婷 Ye Ting(Jilin University School of Law,Changchun Jilin 130015)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院,吉林长春130015

出　　处：《警学研究》2023年第6期64-78,共15页Police Science Research

摘　　要：在我国法教义学语境下应当摒弃“不能犯未遂”这一称呼,进而提倡对“不能犯”概念的使用。对于不能犯与未遂犯的划分标准,向来都是理论界的一大难题,纵观德国、日本以及我国台湾地区,就会发现对不能犯的划分标准限定在对行为“危险性”的判断上。其实,对不能犯的解读应立足于刑法规范,以本土化的语境为依托仔细推敲《刑法》第23条的规定后,不难发现立法者早已规定了对不能犯与未遂犯的划分方法,即对两者边界的划分应当着眼于“行为”本身。因此,在《刑法》第23条的逻辑框架内,立足于客观未遂论并对其进行修正,从对实行行为所囊括的构成要件的判断来探讨不能犯的划分标准。In the context of legal dogmatics in China,we should abandon the“impossibility of attempted crime”and advocate the use of“impossibility of offender”.The division standard of impossibility of offender and attempted offender is a difficult problem in the theoretical circle.The division standard of impossibility in Germany,Japan and Taiwan Province,China are limited to the judgment of“danger”of behavior.In fact,the interpretation of“impossibility of offender”should be based on the criminal law,and the provisions of Article 23 of the“Criminal Law”should be carefully scrutinized based on the localized context.It is found that the legislators have stipulated the division method,that is,the division of the boundary between the two should focus on the“behavior”itself.Therefore,within the logical framework of Article 23 of the“Criminal Law”,based on the objective attempted theory and revision,the criteria for the division of the impossibility of offender are discussed from the constitutive elements contained in the implementation behavior.

关 键 词：不能犯未遂 具体危险说 客观危险说 实行行为 构成要件 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]