植物复杂基因组与泛基因组研究现状与展望  

Research status and prospect of plant complex genomes and pan-genomes

作　　者：王英豪 余嘉鑫 唐海宝 张兴坦 WANG YingHao;YU JiaXin;TANG HaiBao;ZHANG XingTan(College of Life Sciences,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350000,China;Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenzhen 518124,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学生命科学学院,福州350000 [2]中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所,深圳518124

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2024年第2期233-246,共14页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:32222019)资助。

摘　　要：基因组是指一个生物体内遗传物质的总和,是生物学研究的关键之一.自2000年拟南芥基因组被测序发表以来,已有超过800个植物基因组相继被破解,极大促进了植物分子生物学、遗传学等领域的发展.即便如此,植物基因组学研究仍然面临一系列挑战,包括高杂合、高重复度、高倍性等复杂基因组的组装和泛基因组的构建等.本文从植物基因组学的发展概况、基因组测序技术、组装算法等三个方面,全面展示了植物基因组的快速发展.其中,介绍了简单基因组装和复杂基因组装的相关策略,总结了“端粒到端粒”(telomere-to-telomere或称T2T)的组装和泛基因组构建方法以及其重要性.最后,对未来植物基因组的发展进行了展望,认为随着技术的不断进步,基因组解析技术和方法将会更加完善,为植物基因组的深入研究提供更多支持.本文为植物T2T、复杂基因组组装和泛基因组的构建方法研究提供了参考依据.The genome refers to the sum of genetic materials within an organism and is one of the key areas of study in biology. Since thepublication of the Arabidopsis genome sequence in 2000, more than 800 plant genomes have been published, which greatly promotesthe development of plant molecular biology, genetics, and other fields. However, plant genomics research still faces a series ofchallenges, including the assembly of complex genomes with high heterozygosity, high repetitiveness, and high ploidy, as well as theconstruction of pan-genomes. This article comprehensively demonstrates the rapid development of plant genomics from three aspects:an overview of the development of plant genomics, genome sequencing technologies, and assembly algorithms. This review describesrelevant strategies for assembling simple and complex genomes, and summarizes the assembly of “Telomere-to-Telomere” (T2T) andpan-genome construction methods, as well as their importance. Finally, the future development of plant genomics was discussed, andit was suggested that with the continuous advancement of technology, genome analysis techniques and methods will become moresophisticated, providing more support for further research on plant genomics. This review provides an important reference forresearch on the T2T assembly, assembly of complex genomes, and construction of pan-genomes in plants.

关 键 词：植物基因组学 测序技术 组装算法 植物复杂基因组 植物泛基因组 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学]