关于元杂剧繁荣原因的几个问题——元杂剧繁荣原因诸说评析  

Aspects of the Reasons for the Prosperity of Yuan Drama:A Review of Various Theories on the Reasons for the Prosperity of Yuan Drama

作　　者：任崇岳[1] REN Chongyue

机构地区：[1]河南省社会科学院历史研究所,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《西部蒙古论坛》2023年第4期78-91,M0005,共15页Journal of the Western Mongolian Studies

摘　　要：元杂剧因何繁荣,学者们众说纷纭,迄今尚无定论。归纳起来,有四种说法:一是元朝长期停废科举,儒士仕进无门,遂转而从事杂剧创作;二是九儒十丐说。元朝儒士社会地位低下,遭受歧视,不被重用,不得已,只能在杂剧里讨生活。由于从业者人数众多,元杂剧才得以蓬勃发展;三是畸形繁荣说。元朝城市经济繁荣,百姓生活安定,给杂剧的发展提供了有利的环境;四是元朝统治者喜欢说。由于元朝统治者喜欢杂剧,才给杂剧的发展提供了契机。这些说法虽有一定道理,但多有牵强附会之处,不能使人信服。元杂剧繁荣的真正原因,一是元朝社会经济的全面繁荣,带动了杂剧的繁荣;二是元朝统治者不懂汉文,没有文字狱,客观上给杂剧的发展提供了一个相对宽松的环境,杂剧才得以繁荣发展。Scholars have different opinions on why Yuan Drama flourished,and there is currently no consensus.In summary,there are four theories:firstly,the Yuan abolished the imperial examination system for a long time,leaving Confucian scholars with no way to enter the officialdom,and thus turned to creating drama;the second is the saying that Confucian is the ninth with beggars tenth.The social status of Confucian scholars in the Yuan Dynasty was low,they suffered discrimination,were not valued,had no choice but to make a living in drama writing.Due to the large number of practitioners,the drama was able to flourish;the third is the theory of abnormal prosperity.During the Yuan Dynasty,the urban economy was prosperous and people's lives were stable,providing a favorable environment for the development of theatre;the fourth is that the Yuan rulers liked to speak.The preference of the Yuan rulers provided an opportunity for the theatre development.These statements have some truth,they are often far-fetched and cannot be convincing though.The real reason for the prosperity of Yuan drama was twofold:firstly,the comprehensive socioeconomic prosperity during Yuan dynasty led to the drama prosperity;secondly,the Yuan rulers did not understand Chinese and did not have a literary muzzle,which objectively provided a relatively relaxed environment for the drama composition,allowing it to prosper and develop.

关 键 词：元杂剧 停废科举 九儒十丐 

分 类 号：B911[哲学宗教—宗教学]