第3代新型低碳高合金钢弧齿锥齿轮失效分析  

Failure Analysis of the Spiral Bevel Gear Made of the 3rd Generation New Low Carbon High Alloy Steel

作　　者：高志坤 邢彬 卜嘉利 刘明坤 GAO Zhi-kun;XING Bin;BU Jia-li;LIU Ming-kun(AECC Shenyang Engine Research Institute,Shenyang 110015,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航发沈阳发动机研究所,沈阳110015

出　　处：《航空发动机》2024年第1期170-174,共5页Aeroengine

基　　金：航空动力基础研究项目资助。

摘　　要：在中央传动调试试验中发生主动弧齿锥齿轮轮齿断裂故障,并连带其他部件产生不同程度损伤。主动弧齿锥齿轮整个圆周的接触印痕偏向小端一侧、靠近齿底,从动弧齿锥齿轮接触印痕分布在小端齿顶部位,印痕已不完整、局部超出工作面。为了排除15Cr14Co12Mo5Ni2钢弧齿锥齿轮试验中发生的断裂故障,对齿轮进行宏观检查、断口分析、组织检查、硬度测试、成分分析、啮合印痕仿真分析与验证,确定了故障齿轮断裂的性质和产生原因。结果表明:主动弧齿锥齿轮为高周疲劳断裂,疲劳起源于小端面与齿凸面根部转接棱角部位,与材质与冶金缺陷无关;在工作过程中存在异常咬合是导致该齿轮产生早期疲劳开裂的主要原因。建议优化齿面加工参数,提高齿轮工作过程中的咬合质量,从而避免此类故障再次发生。During the commissioning test of an internal gearbox,the teeth fracture failure of the driving spiral bevel gear occurred,leading to collateral damage to other parts to varying degrees.The contact patterns on the entire circumference of the driving spiral bevel gear are biased to the small end near the root of the teeth.The contact patterns of the driven bevel gear are distributed at the top of the small end of the teeth,and the patterns are incomplete and partially beyond the working faces.To solve the problem of the fracture failure of the spiral bevel gear made of 15Cr14Co12Mo5Ni2 steel during the test,macroscopic inspection,fractographic analysis,metallographic examination,hardness testing,composition analysis,meshing pattern simulation and verification were conducted to determine the failure modes and causes.The results show that the fracture of the driving spiral bevel gear is of high cycle fatigue,originating at the corner between the small end face and the root of the convex side of the tooth,and had nothing to do with the material and metallurgical defects.The main reason for the early fatigue cracking of the gear is the abnormal meshing during operation.Therefore,it is recommended to optimize the machining parameters of gear pairs,and improve the meshing quality of the gear pair during operation,so as to avoid similar failure from happening again.

关 键 词：弧齿锥齿轮 失效分析 断裂 疲劳 接触印痕 异常啮合 中央传动 

分 类 号：V233[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]