近代中东路西线畜牧区中心城镇地位的演变  

The Status Evolution of the Central Towns in the Animal Husbandry Area Along the West Line of the Trans-Manchurian Railway in Modern Times

作　　者：牛淑贞 Niu Shuzhen

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《兰州学刊》2024年第2期24-32,共9页

基　　金：黑龙江历史文化工程专项项目“通商口岸与近代黑龙江的城市和区域发展”(项目编号:03YB1506)阶段性研究成果;2019年国家社科基金西部项目“清代至民国时期四川灾害史料的整理与研究”(项目编号:19XZS015)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：近代,在中东铁路西线的畜牧区以海拉尔、满洲里及札兰诺尔三站为中心形成了三个较大城镇。受历史基础、资源条件、地理位置等因素影响,它们的职能及在区域城镇体系中的地位不尽相同。海拉尔由清代仅具单一军政职能的城镇发展成为兼具军政、经济综合职能的区域中心城镇。但由于海拉尔与满洲里经济发展的同质化使两城之间形成较为明显的竞争关系,因此在区域社会政治环境变动等因素的影响下,海拉尔俄蒙贸易中心的地位一度转移到了满洲里。海拉尔凭借其清代前期已经形成的区域军政中心地位、距离昂吉庙集市较近,以及中东路通车后形成的畜产加工中心、汽车交通中心等优势,于1920年之后重获区域俄蒙贸易中心的地位,满洲里则仍为区域的次级经济中心。札兰诺尔属于因煤炭而兴的资源型城镇,其地位不可与海拉尔、满洲里同日而语。In modern times’three large towns’respectively centering on Hailar’Manzhouli and Zalanuoer’were formed in the animal husbandry area along the western line of the Trans-Manchurian Railway.Under the influence of local history’resources conditions’geographical locations and other factors’the functions and statuses of these three towns in the regional urban system varied.Hailar developed from a town with a single military-political function in the Qing Dynasty to a regional central town with both military-political and economic functions.However’due to the homogenization of economic development between Hailar and Manzhouli’rivalry between these two towns was quite obvious.Hence’under the influence of the changes of regional socio-political environment and other factors’the title of Russia-Mongolia Trade Center was switched from Hailar to Manchuria.After 1920’Hailar gradually regained its status as a regional trade center between Russia and Mongolia’on one hand’by virtue of its role as a regional military and political center formed in the early Qing Dynasty;on the other hand’by its various advantages’such as its proximity to the Angjimiao market’and its status as a livestock processing center and automobile traffic center formed after the opening of the Trans-Manchurian Railway.Manzhouli was still the secondary economic center of the region.Zalanuoer’a resource-based town thriving because of coal’couldn’t be mentioned in the same breath Hailar and Manzhouli.

关 键 词：近代 中东铁路西线 畜牧区 中心城镇地位 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]