蓝莓低温贮藏期致腐病原菌的分离鉴定及生物杀菌剂筛选  

Isolation and Identification of Pathogens Causing Blueberry Rot During Postharvest Storage at Low Temperature and Screening of Biological Fungicides

作　　者：罗冬兰 瞿光凡 李江阔 张雨 叶盛洁 曹森 LUO Donglan;QU Guangfan;LI Jiangkuo;ZHANG Yu;YE Shengjie;CAO Sen(Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Processing,Guiyang College,Guiyang,Guizhou 550005;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Storage of Agricultural Products/Key Laboratory of Storage of Agricultural Products,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Preservation of Agricultural Products(Tianjin),Tianjin 300384)

机构地区：[1]贵阳学院贵州省果品加工工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550005 [2]国家农产品保鲜工程技术研究中心(天津),农业农村部农产品贮藏保鲜重点实验室,天津市农产品采后生理与贮藏保鲜重点实验室,天津300384

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第3期85-92,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划资助项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般222)。

摘　　要：以‘粉蓝’蓝莓果实为试材,采用组织分离法、科赫法则、形态学鉴定及rRNA-ITS序列同源性分析方法,研究蓝莓果实主要致腐病原菌种类,并筛选适宜高效低毒的生物杀菌剂,以期为莓果实采后病害防控提供参考依据。结果表明:引起低温贮藏期蓝莓致腐的病原菌为灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)、链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)、胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)、棒状新拟盘多毛孢菌(Neopestalotiopsis clavispora)、小新壳梭孢菌(Neofusicoccum parvum),且首次发现胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)是引起‘粉蓝’蓝莓果实致腐的优势致病菌。室内毒力试验发现,乙蒜素对胶孢炭疽菌表现出较强的抑菌活性,EC_(50)值为123.16 mg·mL^(-1),其次为苦参碱、中生菌素、春雷霉素、丁子香酚,EC_(50)值分别为231.23、519.55、546.29、865.26 mg·mL^(-1)。因此,后期可将乙蒜素作为蓝莓后期田间防治的有效药剂。Blueberry fruits(‘Powder Blue’)were used as experimental material,tissue isolation method,Koch′s law,morphological identification and rRNA-ITS sequence homology analysis methods were used to study the main rot-causing pathogen species of blueberry fruits and to screen for suitable high-efficiency and low-toxicity biocides,in order to provide reference for the prevention and control of berry fruits postharvest diseases.The results showed that the pathogens causing blueberry rot during low-temperature storage were Botrytis cinerea,Alternaria alternata,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,Neopestalotiopsis clavispora and Neofusicoccum parvum.For the first time,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was found to be the dominant pathogen causing fruit rot of‘Powder Blue’blueberry.The indoor toxicity test showed that ethylicin showed strong antibacterial activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,with EC_(50) value of 123.16mg·mL^(-1),followed by matrine,zhongshengmycin,kasugamycin and eugenol,with EC_(50) value of 231.23,519.55,546.29,865.26mg·mL^(-1) respectively.Therefore,ethylicin could be used as an effective biocide for field control of blueberry in the later stage.

关 键 词：蓝莓果实 病原菌 分离鉴定 生物杀菌剂 

分 类 号：S663.9[农业科学—果树学]