不同土壤改良剂对川党参连作障碍的防控效果  

Control Effect of Different Amendments on the Continuous Cropping Obstacles of Codonopsistangshen Oliv.

作　　者：康振兴[1] 李小玲 周武先 张美德 田梦维 黄思勇[1] KANG Zhenxing;LI Xiaoling;ZHOU Wuxian;ZHANG Meide;TIAN Mengwei;HUANG Siyong(Department of Bioengineering,Enshi Polytechnic,Enshi,Hubei 445000;Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Enshi,Hubei 445000;Xuan′en County Gongshui River National Wetland Park Administration,Enshi,Hubei 445000)

机构地区：[1]恩施职业技术学院生物工程学院,湖北恩施445000 [2]湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所,农业农村部中药材生物学与栽培重点实验室,湖北恩施445000 [3]宣恩县贡水河国家级湿地公园管理局,湖北恩施445000

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第3期93-102,共10页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助项目(CARS-21);湖北省农业科技创新中心重大科技研发资助项目(2020-620-000-002-04);湖北省自然科学基金指导性资助项目(2022CFC040);恩施州科技计划资助项目(D20220057)。

摘　　要：以川党参种子为试材,采用大田试验的方法,研究了有机肥(OM)、生石灰(QL)和钙镁磷肥(CMP)3种改良剂对川党参连作障碍的防控效果,以期为通过土壤改良消减川党参连作障碍提供参考依据。结果表明:1)OM、QL和CMP处理均显著提高了川党参产量,增幅分别为37.9%、77.9%、117.4%。2)OM、QL和CMP处理均提高了叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,增幅分别为31.6%、18.2%、25.3%和28.7%、18.0%、24.0%。3)OM和QL处理下过氧化氢酶活性较CK显著提高,而O_(2)^(·)含量均显著降低。4)QL和CMP处理下川党参的黄酮含量较CK分别提高了31.5%和17.6%。OM处理下川党参生物碱含量显著提高了58.7%。5)QL和CMP处理的pH较CK分别提高了10.9%和9.8%,碱性磷酸酶活性分别提高了95.4%和69.1%。OM、QL和CMP处理下土壤过氧化氢酶活性较CK分别提高了16.7%、21.0%和20.1%。6)3种改良剂处理对川党参形态发育、产量和光合色素积累均具有一定的促进作用,其促进效果由大到小依次为生石灰(CE=1.31)>钙镁磷肥(CE=1.11)>有机肥(CE=1.02)。综上,土壤改良剂能够通过调控光合代谢、抗氧化系统及土壤酶活性来消减川党参连作胁迫。3种改良剂对连作川党参的促生增产效果由大到小依次为生石灰(3 000kg·hm^(-2))>钙镁磷肥(3 000kg·hm^(-2))>有机肥(4 500kg·hm^(-2))。Taking Codonopsis tangshen seeds as test materials,field experiments were conducted to study the control effects of organic matter(OM),quicklime(QL)and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer(CMP)on the continuous cropping obstacles of C.tangshen,in order to provide reference for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of C.tangshenthrough soil improvement.The results showed that,1)the yield of C.tangshen under the OM,QL and CMP treatments were improved by 37.9%,77.9%,117.4%,respectively,compared with the control.2)OM,QL and CMP treatments significantly increased the total chlorophyll and carotenoid content by 31.6%,18.2%,25.3%and 28.7%,18.0%,24.0%,respectively.3)The CAT activities in OM and QL treatments were significantly increased,while the O_(2)^(·) content was dramatically decreased.4)The flavonoid content in the QL and CMP treatments was increased by 31.5%and 17.6%,respectively.Furthermore,OM treatment significantly increased the alkaloid content by 58.7%.5)QL and CMP treatments incereased the soil pH and alkaline phosphatase activity by 10.9%,9.8%and 95.4%,69.1%,respectively.Moreover,OM,QL and CMP treatments dramatically incereased the catalase activity by 16.7%、21.0%and 20.1%,respectively.6)All the three soil amendments promoted the morphological development,yield and photosynthetic pigment accumulation of C.tangshen.The promotion effects on the growth of C.tangshenfollowed the order of QL(CE=1.31)>CMP(CE=1.11)>OM(CE=1.02).In conclusion,the soil amendments can effectively alleviate the continuous cropping stress of C.tangshen mainly by regulating photosynthetic metabolism,antioxidation,and soil enzyme activity.The comprehensive analysis showed that the promotion effects of the three amendments on C.tangshen growth followed the order of QL(3000kg·hm^(-2))>CPM(3000kg·hm^(-2))>OM(4500kg·hm^(-2)).

关 键 词：连作障碍 改良剂 川党参 农艺性状 土壤酶活 

分 类 号：S567.53[农业科学—中草药栽培]