从《礼记·儒行》看先秦儒、士关系  

Viewing the Relationship between Confucians and Scholars in the Pre-Qin Dynasty from the “Ru Xing” of the Rites

作　　者：王锷[1] Wang E

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学文学院,南京210097

出　　处：《国际儒学（中英文）》2023年第4期36-45,181,共11页International Studies on Confucianism

摘　　要：《儒行》是《礼记》第四十一篇。孔子所言之儒,包括君子儒、士,即《周礼》“以道得民”者。先秦时期,儒以教授为业,士以从政为主,后之“士大夫”,今之“文人”“读书人”“知识分子”,与孔子所言之儒、士有相似之处,但不完全相同。儒、士者,正心明德,博学笃行,志于道义,崇尚气节。有学问、无志节者,不可谓之儒、士;通古今、无志节者,实为小人。读书人效法圣贤,正心修身是第一要务,强学厉行,追求道义,止于至善,是终极目标。《儒行》所倡导的澡身浴德、博学笃行、守道不阿、刚毅不屈的君子儒和士之精神,值得发扬光大。“Ru Xing” is the forty-first chapter of the Book of Rites. In Confucius ' s mind,Confucians and scholars were recorded in the Zhou Rites as “benefiting the people by virtue”. In the pre-Qin period,the Confucians took teaching as their profession,and the scholars took politics as their main occupation. The “scholar-officials” appeared later and “literati”,“reader”,“intellectuals” said today,are similar to the Confucians and scholars in Confucius' mind,but with some differences.Confucians and scholars were equipped with the following qualities: honest heart and bright virtue,erudite and diligent,aspiring to morality,and advocating integrity. Those who have knowledge but no ambition and integrity cannot be described as Confucians and scholars. People who have been through the ages but with no ambition and integrity are actually base people. The learner learns sages;for them,the most important thing was through hard learning and decisive action to pursue moral,until they attained the highest degree of good. The Confucian spirit advocated in “Ru Xing”,such as keeping yourself clean and virtuous, learning and practising, keeping the way, resolute and unyielding,should be carried forward.

关 键 词：《礼记》 《儒行》 儒 士 儒士关系 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K892.9[政治法律—中外政治制度] K22[历史地理—民俗学]