《春秋》历史叙事与孔子的文化关怀——《左传·郑伯克段于鄢》笺记  

The Cultural Care of Confucius's Spring and Autumn and Related Texts:Notes on“Duke Zheng Defeated Duan at the Place of Yan”

作　　者：孙尚勇[1] Sun Shangyong

机构地区：[1]四川大学中国俗文化研究所,成都610064

出　　处：《国际儒学（中英文）》2023年第4期125-135,184,共12页International Studies on Confucianism

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国古代音乐文学通史”(17ZDA241)。

摘　　要：《郑伯克段于鄢》是《左传》开篇的大手笔,它涵盖了庄公和叔段兄弟之间二十多年的矛盾以及武姜、庄公母子之间近四十年的对抗,连带涉及郑国建国的历史。叔段祖孙虽然破坏了周礼,但周礼却没有抛弃他们。这是一个有意义的值得进一步思考的现象。叔段事件,鲁史旧文和各国史书可能书作:“郑大叔段作乱,出奔共。”《春秋》易题曰“郑伯克段于鄢”,证明孔子既不以诸侯国国君为立场,亦不以“作乱”者的立场,他所秉持的是超越当时敌对各方的大的文化的立场。其所批评者不惟庄公,母亲武姜亦难逃其咎。与《史记·郑世家》对读可知,《郑伯克段于鄢》亦有微言大义,其所关注的并非事实本身如何,而主要是历史事件所提供的借鉴和文化意义。清华简与春秋郑国相关的文本,具有较明显的小说家意味。《郑风》首四篇反映了郑国早期制礼作乐的事实,极可能是《郑伯克段于鄢》叙事的背景和文本渊源。“Duke Zheng defeated Duan at the place of Yan” is the grand opening work of Zuo Zhuan,which covers more than 20 years of conflicts between Duke Zhuang and his brother Shu Duan,as well as nearly 40 years of confrontation between Duke Zhuang and his mother Wu Jiang,and also involves the history of Zheng's founding. Although the three generations of Uncle Duan destroyed Rites of the Zhou,the latter did not abandon them. This is a meaningful phenomenon that deserves further consideration. The Uncle Duan Incident,the old writings in the chronicle of Lu,and historical books of various countries may have written: “Uncle Duan of Zheng rebelled and fled to the Gong.”Spring and Autumn changed the title to “Duke Zheng defeated Duan at the place of Yan”,proving that Confucius neither took the position of feudal lords or rulers,nor did he take the position of troublemakers. He upheld a position that transcended the culture of the hostile parties at that time. The criticism in “Duke Zheng defeated Duan at the place of Yan” is not only about Duke Zhuang,but also about his mother Wu Jiang. Compared to the reading of “Zheng Shijia” in Records of the Grand Historian,it can be seen that “Duke Zheng defeated Duan at the place of Yan” also has a subtle meaning. The focus of the article is not on the facts themselves,but mainly on the reference and cultural significance provided by historical events. The texts related to Zheng Guo in the Tsinghua Jian have a clear novelist flavour. The first four chapters of Zheng Feng reflect the fact that the early state of Zheng made rituals and music,which is likely the background and textual origin of the narrative of“Duke Zheng defeated Duan at the place of Yan”.

关 键 词：《左传》 《郑伯克段于鄢》 历史叙事 文化关怀 《郑风》 

分 类 号：K225.04[历史地理—历史学] B222.2[历史地理—中国史]