波浪情况下民机水上迫降性能数值分析  

Numerical analysis of civil aircraft ditching performance in wave condition

作　　者：李勐 陈星伊 陈吉昌 吴彬[2,3] 童明波 LI Meng;CHEN Xingyi;CHEN Jichang;WU Bin;TONG Mingbo(Chinese Aeronautical Establishment,Beijing 100012,China;College of Aerospace Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;China Special Vehicle Research Institute,Jingmen 448001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航空研究院,北京100012 [2]南京航空航天大学航空学院,南京210016 [3]中国特种飞行器研究所,荆门448001

出　　处：《航空学报》2024年第2期28-43,共16页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11672133);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目。

摘　　要：为了研究波浪情况下民机水上迫降性能,选用计算流体力学的有限体积法求解非定常不可压缩RANS方程,基于VOF法、整体动网格法、斯托克斯五阶波浪模型和自适应网格技术,以空客A320-200为研究对象,按照适航规章相关要求与建议,构建了民机水上迫降数值仿真模型。首先,对比分析了静水面和波浪水面下飞机水上迫降过程。结果表明:相同初始飞行参数下,波浪水面下最大水平过载为2.42 g,是静水面的1.09倍;最大垂向过载为4.82 g,是静水面的2.82倍。2种情况下,空气垫效应和潜水现象明显,碰撞初段,飞机均受到吸力作用;波浪情况下,跳跃现象出现,但并未对飞机的运动过程产生剧烈影响。其次,研究了波浪参数对水上迫降性能的影响。分析结果表明:同一波峰撞击阶段内,波高越高,则最大水平过载和最大垂向过载越大;波长越长,则最大垂向过载越小;波高越高,波长越长,则最大下沉速度越大。To study the ditching performance of civil aircraft in wave conditions,the finite volume method of computa⁃tional fluid dynamics is used to solve the unsteady incompressible RANS equation.Based on the relevant require⁃ments and suggestions of airworthiness regulations,VOF method,whole dynamic grid method,stokes fifth-order wave model and adaptive grid technology are used to construct the numerical simulation model.The research object is airbus A320-200.Firstly,the ditching process of aircraft in the calm water and wave condition is compared and ana⁃lyzed.The results show that the maximum horizontal overload is 2.42 g in the wave condition,which is 1.09 times of that in the calm condition.The maximum vertical overload is 4.82 g,which is 2.82 times of that in the calm water con⁃dition.In both cases,cushion effect and diving phenomenon are obvious.In the initial stage of impact,the aircraft is affected by water suction.In the wave condition,jumping phenomenon appears,but does not have apparent effect on the ditching process.Secondly,the influence of wave factors on water ditching performance is studied.The results show that with the increase of the wave height,the maximum horizontal and vertical overload increase.With the in⁃crease of the wave length,the maximum vertical overload decreases.With the increase of the wave height and length,the maximum sinking velocity increases.

关 键 词：波浪 民用飞机 水上迫降 数值造波 两相流 

分 类 号：V211.3[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]