违约损害赔偿中的替代交易规则解释论  

The Interpretive Theory of the Substitute Transaction Rule in Damage Compensation for Breach of Contract

作　　者：刘承韪 吴志宇 LIU Chengwei;WU Zhiyu

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学比较法学研究院

出　　处：《法治研究》2024年第1期40-51,共12页Research on Rule of Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“违约惩罚性赔偿制度研究”(项目编号:17BFX083)研究成果。

摘　　要：《司法解释》第60条规定了以替代交易价格为计算基础的损害赔偿计算方法。从替代交易的性质来看,其是一种针对违约的自力救济措施,同时兼具一定的义务属性。从替代交易规则的适用前提来看,替代交易作为自力救济可自由实施,但替代交易规则的适用以合同解除为前提条件。此条件的规范目的在于裁判的确定性与双方当事人利益的平衡。从替代交易实施的适当性要求来看,在替代交易具备商业上替代性时,应推定其符合市场价格,由违约方主张该价格明显偏离交易发生时所在地的市场价格来抗辩。在市场价格本身或偏离程度难以确定时,应综合考虑非违约方实施替代交易的目的和手段来适用替代交易规则。替代交易的高价格导致的过高损害赔偿额可以通过可预见性规则进一步加以限制。Article 60 of the Judicial Explanation of General Principles of Contract Law of Civil Code stipulates the concrete calculation of damages based on the substitute transaction price.Substitute transaction itself is a selfhelp remedy against breach of contract with certain obligatory character.Although substitute transaction can be effected freely as a self-help remedy,the premise of the application of the substitute transaction rule is the avoidance of the contract,which is for certainty of judicial decision and balancing the interests of the parties.In terms of the reasonable requirement of substitute transaction effected,where a substitute transaction is commercially substitutable,it is presumed to be at the market price.It is for the breach party to claim that the price significantly deviates from the market price as a defence.When the market price itself or the deviation degree is difficult to determine,substitute transaction rule should be applied by considering the purpose and means of the non-breaching party.Excessive damages resulting from high prices of substitute transactions can be further limited by the rule of foreseeability.

关 键 词：替代交易 减轻损失规则 可得利益损失 损害赔偿具体计算方法 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]