《刑法》第13条新解:范畴提炼及其内在关联  

New Interpretation of Article 13 of the Criminal Law:Refinement of the Scope and its Intrinsic Connections

作　　者：马荣春 MA Rongchun

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学法律系

出　　处：《法治研究》2024年第1期127-138,共12页Research on Rule of Law

摘　　要：应受刑罚处罚性,是从《刑法》第13条中提炼出来的最高刑法学范畴,而社会危害性、罪刑法定性和刑法谦抑性则是可从其中提炼出来的二级范畴。于是,应受刑罚处罚性与社会危害性、罪刑法定性和刑法谦抑性便构成了《刑法》第13条中的范畴体系:应受刑罚处罚性统摄社会危害性、罪刑法定性和刑法谦抑性;社会危害性与罪刑法定性构成一种递升关系而非两个标准,故二者不存在对立冲突。刑法谦抑性则对社会危害性和罪刑法定性构成一种反转关系。社会危害性虽然具有刑法学基石地位,但其是应受刑罚处罚性的实质根据;罪刑法定性是应受刑罚处罚性的形式根据,且节制着社会危害性;刑法谦抑性则是应受刑罚处罚性的反面延伸。最终,社会危害性、罪刑法定性和刑法谦抑性从正反两个方向共同支撑着应受刑罚处罚性。切中内含的基本范畴及其内在关联来深度再读《刑法》第13条,就是对其进行一番深度评注和教义学展开。深度再读《刑法》第13条,是出于深度领会其内容,以让其更好地指导刑法实践和助益刑事法治。The penal nature of punishment is the highest category extracted from Article 13 of the Criminal Law,while social harm,legality of crimes and punishments,and moderation of criminal law are secondary categories that can be derived from it.Thus,the categorization system in Article 13 of the Criminal Law consists of the penal nature of punishment governing social harm,legality of crimes and punishments,and moderation of criminal law.Social harm and legality of crimes and punishments form a progressive relationship rather than two conflicting standards,thus they do not oppose each other.The moderation of criminal law represents a reverse relationship with social harm and legality of crimes and punishments.While social harm holds a fundamental position in criminal law,it serves as the substantive basis for the penal nature of punishment.Legality of crimes and punishments serves as the formal basis for the penal nature of punishment and regulates social harm.The moderation of criminal law extends from the opposite side of the penal nature of punishment.Ultimately,social harm,legality of crimes and punishments,and moderation of criminal law collectively support the penal nature of punishment from both positive and negative perspectives.To deeply analyze Article 13 of the Criminal Law,it is necessary to examine its fundamental categories and their intrinsic connections.

关 键 词：刑法第13条 应受刑罚处罚性 社会危害性 罪刑法定性 刑法谦抑性 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]