新时代法学基本范畴的重构——构建中国自主法学知识体系要论  

Reconstruction of the Basic Categories of Law in the New Era

作　　者：雷磊[1] LEI Lei

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院

出　　处：《法治研究》2024年第2期15-27,共13页Research on Rule of Law

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项项目“习近平法治思想与中国特色法学学科体系、学术体系、话语体系创新研究”(项目编号:2022JZDZ003);教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助重大项目“时代镜像中的法理学研究”(项目编号:21JHQ012)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在新时代背景下对法学基本范畴的内涵和体系进行重构,是构建中国自主法学知识体系的“成事之要”。“政治新时代”和“科技新时代”的到来,为法学基本范畴的重构提供了背景和动因。法学基本范畴从法学学科体系看构成了近代法律科学的“通用语汇”,从法学学术体系看可谓是法学理论创新的“思想芯片”,从法学话语体系看形塑了中国法学对外传播的“基本语法”。为了重构法学基本范畴,一方面要进行理论上的融会贯通,即贯通马克思主义、中华传统优秀法治文明和西方优秀法治文化三个传统,另一方面要对历史和当下的法治实践予以归纳提炼,并通过建构性解释上升为法学概念和范畴。重构的核心任务在于构筑兼具普遍性与中国性的法学基本范畴体系,为此既要加强对原创性概念和范畴的研究,也要加强对普遍法学概念和范畴的新内涵的研究,并按科学严密的内在结构构筑起以“法”和“法治”为核心、兼具静态性和动态性的二元法学基本范畴体系。Reconstructing the connotation and system of basic categories of law in the new era is the"key to success"in constructing China's independent legal knowledge system.The coming of the"new era of politics"and the"new era of technology"provided the background and motivation for the reconstruction of basic categories of law.The basic categories of law constitute the"universal vocabulary"of modern legal science from the perspective of legal discipline system,which can be described as the"thought chip"of legal theory innovation from the perspective of legal academic system,and will mold the"basic grammar"of Chinese law for external dissemination from the perspective of legal discourse system.In order to reconstruct basic categories of law,on the one hand,it is necessary to achieve theoretical integration,that is,to penetrate the tradition of Marxism,the traditional Chinese excellent rule of law civilization and the Western excellent rule of law culture.On the other hand,it is necessary to summarize and refine the historical and current practices of the rule of law in China,and to ascend them to the concepts and categories in legal science through constructive interpretation.The core task of this reconstruction is to build a basic legal category system that is both universal and with Chinese characteristics.To this end,we should not only deepen the research on original concepts and categories,but also strengthen the research on new connotations of universal legal concepts and categories,and construct a binary legal basic category system according to its scientific and rigorous internal structure,which place"Law"and"Rule of Law"as its core categories and has both static and dynamic nature.

关 键 词：法学基本范畴 自主法学知识体系 新时代 普遍性 中国性 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论] C12[政治法律—法学]