体系的羁绊:亚太小多边安全合作的互动逻辑  

The Fetters of Alliance System:The Interactive Logic of Asia-Pacific Minilateral Security Cooperation

作　　者：李德杰 LI Dejie

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校(国家行政学院)国际战略研究院,北京100091

出　　处：《国际展望》2024年第2期121-140,165,166,共22页Global Review

摘　　要：在亚太地区格局深刻变化的背景下,美国主导的亚太“轴辐式”双边联盟体系进行了多边化调整。当前以战略动机为导向的理论难以解释为何这一联盟体系的多边化能够导向小多边安全合作。因此,需要从联盟体系内部,即美国与盟友的关系以及联盟体系与外部安全伙伴的关系来讨论三方在两个层次的互动逻辑。在联盟体系的等级制结构下,盟友对美国安全依赖的单向性,以及体系相对于战略自主国家的封闭性,对其多边化产生了羁绊作用。一方面,联盟体系内部因盟友间深入的安全合作而弱化了其单向性,而议题参与的“临界数量”则凸显了体系的封闭性,从而形成了整合型小多边安全合作;另一方面,联盟体系与外部安全伙伴通过广泛的安全合作而使封闭性弱化,但也因安全伙伴的战略自主而继续维持着安全依赖的单向性,从而形成了拓展型小多边安全合作。通过分别考察美日韩三边安全合作和美日澳印四方安全合作的特点,这两类合作的互动逻辑得以验证。Amid profound changes in the Asia-Pacific region,the United States and its allies have promoted the multilateralization of the traditional“hub-and-spoke”alliance system in order to cope with the rise of China,and the result is the formation of minilateral security cooperation.The current theoretical frameworks that center around state-actors’strategic motives are inadequate in explaining the emergence of minilateral security cooperation stemming from the multilateralization of alliance system.Therefore,it is necessary to explicate this dynamic both externally and internally,i.e.the United States’relations with its allies inside the alliance and its interactions with outside partners.Under the hierarchical structure of the alliance system,the lopsided dependence of allies on the United States for security and the closure of the system itself have a fettering effect on its multilateralization.On the one hand,closer cooperation on security issues weakens the unipolarity of the alliance system,while the“critical mass”of the participation in the issues highlights the exclusiveness of the system,thus forming an integrated minilateral security cooperation.On the other hand,the extensive security cooperation between the alliance system and its external security partners leads to the weakening of the exclusiveness,but also maintains the lopsided security dependence due to the strategic autonomy of security partners,thus forming an expanded minilateral security cooperation.By examining the characteristics of trilateral security cooperation between the United States,Japan,and South Korea,as well as the quadrilateral security cooperation between the United States,Japan,India,and Australia,the interactive logic of these two types of cooperation is verified.

关 键 词：小多边安全合作 “轴辐式”联盟 羁绊作用 安全依赖 战略 自主 

分 类 号：D815.5[政治法律—国际关系]