中国城市避难场所规划历程回顾和新时代展望  

Review and prospect of the urban evacuation shelter planning’s development in China

作　　者：张威涛 万汉斌 李翔[3] ZHANG Weitao;WAN Hanbin;LI Xiang

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学建筑与艺术学院 [2]北京清华同衡规划设计研究院 [3]北京市城市规划设计研究院

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2024年第1期109-114,共6页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(23YJC ZH303);中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2020M680332)。

摘　　要：在多种灾害形势愈加严峻和城市化持续推进的双重驱动下,城市避难场所规划作为我国城市规划和防灾减灾工作的重要交集,经历了从试点规划引领的“起步”,到国家标准支撑的“普及”,再到综合防灾减灾主导的“升级”3个发展阶段。在国土空间规划和韧性城市建设交叉融合的新时代,避难场所规划在新的上位规划体系下,又迎来上接安全发展战略、下落社会生态系统、分级空间规划响应、落实空间治理现代化等新要求。通过政府文件和实践案例的梳理研究,划分我国城市避难场所规划历程和特点,提出新时代发展方向,为未来避难场所规划研究与实践提供借鉴。With the intensification of global climate change and active crustal movement,many kinds of natural disasters occur frequently and catastrophic events increase.At the same time,the rapid urbanization in China makes the urban population continue to grow,and the threat of natural disasters to the urban population is increasing.Urban emergency shelter is a public place set up to help urban population avoid the direct and indirect damage of disasters,which is for life safety,refuge living,and emergency rescue.Thus,in order to cope with the threat of natural disasters to population,Urban Evacuation Shelter Planning(UESP)has long been an important intersection of Urban Planning and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Work in China.Throughout the deepening and expansion of UESP study in China,it has been guided by relevant laws,regulations,standards and practices,conversely it has also formed positive feedback.Based on these policy provisions and practical cases,this paper divides the 3 stages of UESP’s development in China.Firstly,the Starting Stage which focuses on earthquake and is leaded by pilot project.From the 1990s,Urban Planning Law and Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction Law have become the necessary legal basis for the subsequent planning and construction of emergency shelter.Beijing,as the capital of China,has become a forerunner in quickly promoting the local implementation of the national Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction Law.In 2002,Beijing implemented the Measures for the Implementation of the Law and put forward specific arrangements for the establishment,use,management and maintenance of emergency shelters in Beijing.Then according to the idea of combining disaster with peace,the project of transforming Yuandadu City Park to an emergency shelter was completed in 2003,which was the first emergency shelter with the first set of evacuation signs and by the first set of emergency shelter design standards in China.In the same year,China implemented the Management Regulations on Urban Ea

关 键 词：城市避难场所规划 综合防灾减灾 国土空间规划 韧性城市 

分 类 号：TU984.116[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]