基于VIC_glacier模型的拉萨河水文模拟及冰川径流研究  

Hydrology Simulation and Glacier Runoff Study in Lhasa River Basin Based on VIC_glacier Model

作　　者：谷黄河 刘宇清[1] 王晓燕 代斌 张瀚文[3] 付晓雷 余钟波 GU Huanghe;LIU Yuqing;WANG Xiaoyan;DAI Bin;ZHANG Hanwen;FU Xiaolei;YU Zhongbo(State Key Laboratory of Hydrology,Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Science,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Hydrology and Water Resources Academy,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Shanghai Survey,Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd,Shanghai 200335,China;College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [2]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098 [3]上海勘测设计研究院有限公司,上海200335 [4]扬州大学水利科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《水文》2024年第1期90-95,103,共7页Journal of China Hydrology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42271020,42277074);水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室专项经费(521013122,2021490611,2020490611)。

摘　　要：拉萨河作为青藏高原南部雅鲁藏布江最大的支流,冰川融水是其径流的重要组成部分。本文基于VIC模型和度日模型构建的VIC_glacier模型,模拟了1990—2010年拉萨河流域径流过程。结果表明:(1)与VIC模型相比,VIC_glacier模型在研究区的径流模拟效果更好,日径流模拟值与观测值的相关系数接近0.8,纳什效率系数在0.75以上;(2)从上游到下游,冰川融水对径流的贡献率分别为21.4%(旁多站)、17.7%(唐加站)、14.5%(拉萨站),呈逐渐减少趋势;(3)冰川径流和非冰川径流年内变化均呈现“单峰型”形态,且在8月份达到峰值;(4)1990—2010年间,年冰川径流量整体呈现上升趋势,与同期气温上升的变化规律一致;年冰川融水对径流的贡献率与年降水量呈反比关系。研究成果可为拉萨河流域的水资源管理提供参考。Glacial meltwater is an important source for the river runoff in Lhasa River,which is the largest tributary of the Brah⁃maputra River in the southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Based on the VIC_glacier model,this study simulated the runoff process in the Lhasa River Basin from 1990 to 2010.The results show that:(1)compared with the original VIC model,the VIC_glacier model shows good performance in streamflow simulation.The correlation coefficient between the observed daily streamflow and the simulation was close to 0.8,and the Nash efficiency coefficient is above 0.75.(2)From upstream to downstream,the contribution rate of glacial meltwater to runoff was 21.4%(Punduo Station),17.7%(Tangjia Station),and 14.5%(Lhasa Station),respectively.(3)The annual changes of both glacial runoff and non-glacial runoff showed"single-peak"shape,and reached its peak in Au⁃gust.(4)From 1990 to 2010,the annual glacier runoff showed an increasing trend,which was consistent with the change of air temperature in the same period.However,there is a opposite trend between the contribution of annual glacial meltwater to runoff and the annual precipitation.The findings could provide a scientific basis for water resources management in the Lhasa River Ba⁃sin.

关 键 词：VIC模型 度日模型 冰川融水 拉萨河流域 

分 类 号：TV11[水利工程—水文学及水资源] P33[天文地球—水文科学]