河口海岸沉积层理特征与形成机制  

Sedimentary Stratigraphic Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms of Estuarine Coasts

作　　者：周曾[1,2] 刘瑶[2] 吴一鸣 徐凡 范代读[4] 张长宽[2] ZHOU Zeng;LIU Yao;WU Yiming;XU Fan;FAN Daidu;ZHANG Changkuan(The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention,Hohai University,Nanjing 210024,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coast Ocean Resources Development and Environment Security,Hohai University,Nanjing 210024,China;State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;State Key Laboratory of Marne Geology,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水灾害防御全国重点实验室,江苏南京210024 [2]河海大学江苏省海岸海洋资源开发与环境安全重点实验室,江苏南京210024 [3]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200241 [4]同济大学海洋地质国家重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《水科学进展》2024年第1期167-182,共16页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFC3106201);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42376161)。

摘　　要：河口海岸地处海陆交界带,其沉积层理特征与形成机制是沉积动力学、动力地貌学和地层学等学科方向的研究热点,对评价海岸工程环境效应、重建沉积古环境等具有重要参考价值。通过梳理河口海岸区域径流、潮汐、波浪等多种动力因子作用的研究成果,归纳不同动力主导作用形成的沉积层理特征,剖析3种基本动力对沉积层理塑造的动力学机制,阐释洪水、风暴偶发动力因子以及生物扰动、海平面变化、围垦工程等其他影响因子对沉积层理形成和保存的作用机理。同时,总结了数值模拟手段在沉积层理形成和破坏机制解译方面的应用及取得的机理认知,提出在河口海岸沉积层理时空尺度认知、多因素耦合反演模型开发应用等方面有待进一步研究的科学问题。Estuarine and coastal areas,located at the interface between the sea and land,are heavily impacted by human activities such as coastal engineering projects.Strategies for managing impacts are diverse,and depend on the geomorphology,evolution history and dominant processes shaping the system.Techniques such as observing the sedimentary stratigraphic characteristics and coastal numerical modelling have been used to better understand these formative processes.Here we review research findings linking hydrodynamic factors(e.g.,river,tide,and wave)in estuarine and coastal regions to the sedimentary stratigraphic characteristics that are associated with different hydrodynamic processes.The mechanisms through which these forces shape the sedimentary stratigraphy are analyzed,along with episodic dynamic factors such as floods and storms,along with other influencing factors like biological disturbance,sea-level changes,and reclamation projects;all of these affect the formation and preservation of sedimentary stratigraphy.Additionally,the application and mechanistic understanding of numerical methods of interpreting the formation and destruction mechanisms of sedimentary layering are discussed.Finally,some future research directions are proposed,including e.g.,the need of research at the spatiotemporal scales of estuarine and coastal sedimentary layering,and the development of multifactor coupled numerical models.

关 键 词：沉积层理 河口海岸 动力地貌 形成机制 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源]