旧学新知:《本草正》中药之“毒”的知识来源研究  

New Knowledge of Old Learning:Study of the Sources of Knowledgeof“Poison”in Chinese Medicine in Ben Cao Zheng

作　　者：马凌 石慧[1] 张宗明[1] Ma Ling;Shi Hui;Zhang Zongming(College of Medical Humanities,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学医学人文学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《亚太传统医药》2024年第2期184-188,共5页Asia-Pacific Traditional Medicine

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA322);江苏省研究生科研创新计划(KYCX22_1862);南京中医药大学高水平大学建设项目开放课题(2022ZYWH003)。

摘　　要：《本草正》是明末审视中药之“毒”的重要本草著作,考虑到《本草纲目》是明以前本草药物知识的集大成者,对二者文本结构与论述细节进行对比后,确认两书在知识书写上确有渊源,进而探讨其背后的医学理论,发现该书关于“毒”与气味关系的讨论应另有来源。因此将“毒”与气味的关系作为《本草正》中药之“毒”衍异知识的核心进行考察,得出与金元医学及其后续医家的相关理论存有密切联系,也采录自当时流行之医疗观念,且寒凉时弊的盛行也推动了其衍异知识的形成。这些揭示出《本草正》所含中药之“毒”知识的丰富性与先进性,显示了其与明末现实医疗需求相适应的倾向。Ben Cao Zheng is an important herbal work in the late Ming Dynasty that examines the“toxicity”of traditional Chinese medicine.Because The Compendium of Materia Medica is a collection of pre-Ming herbal medicinal knowledge,a comparison of the textual structure and details of the two books confirms that the two books are indeed related in terms of knowledge and writing,and then explores the medical theories behind the two books and finds that the book's discussion of the relationship between“poison”and odor should have a separate source.We then explored the medical theories behind them,and found that the book's discussion of the relationship between“poison”and odor should have another source.Therefore,the relationship between“poison”and odor is examined as the core of the knowledge of the derivation of“poison”in Ben Cao Zheng.It is found that it is closely related to the relevant theories of the Jin-Yuan period medicine and its successors.It is also extracted from the popular medical concepts at that time,and the prevalence of coldness also contributed to its derivation.The prevalence of cold and flu also contributed to forming the derivative knowledge.This reveals the richness and sophistication of the knowledge of“poison”in traditional Chinese medicine contained in the Materia Medica,which shows a tendency to adapt to the real medical needs of the late Ming Dynasty.

关 键 词：张介宾 《本草正》 《本草纲目》 中药之“毒” 

分 类 号：R281[医药卫生—中药学]