煤下铝土矿逐巷充填护顶与置换开采方法  

The method of roadway⁃by⁃roadway backfilling mining to protect roof and replace pillar for bauxite under coal seam

作　　者：陈勇[1] 黄炳香[1] 姚达 吴占伟 陈大勇[1] 韩晓克 王昌 张清秋 王云昌 王乐 CHEN Yong;HUANG Bingxiang;YAO Da;WU Zhanwei;CHEN Dayong;HAN Xiaoke;WANG Chang;ZHANG Qingqiu;WANG Yunchang;WANG Le(State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116,China;Shanxi Huaxing Aluminum Co Ltd,Lyuliang,Shanxi 033000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学煤炭精细勘探与智能开发全国重点实验室,江苏徐州221116 [2]山西华兴铝业有限公司,山西吕梁033000

出　　处：《采矿与安全工程学报》2024年第1期212-220,共9页Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2902105);吕梁市校地合作重点研发专项项目(2022XDHZ16);国家自然科学基金项目(52174135)。

摘　　要：我国煤下铝土矿资源储量极其丰富,约占全国铝土矿储量的50%以上,随着国内浅地表铝土矿资源逐渐消耗殆尽,地下铝土矿特别是煤下铝开采将成为铝资源开发的发展趋势和必然选择。针对目前煤铝共采过程中存在的岩层活动相互影响问题,提出煤下铝土矿逐巷充填护顶与置换开采方法:将每个铝土矿柱划分为多条采巷,采巷开采完毕后立即充填以达到及时护顶与控制岩层活动的目的,每条采巷按设计顺序依次进行开采与充填作业,实现铝土矿柱与充填体的置换开采,最终保障铝土矿与上部煤层均正常开采。研究成果成功应用于山西华兴铝业有限公司奥家湾铝土矿,充填接顶效果良好,顶底板位移量控制在20 mm以内,可有效控制铝土矿采后的岩层活动,保障上覆煤层连续性,实现煤下铝土矿对上覆煤层的保护性开采;充填后能及时有效护顶,提高采场整体稳定性,解决常规铝土矿软弱直接顶控顶的技术难题;铝土矿采出率由45%提高至78%,矿石贫化率控制在5.06%,且充填设备小型化、便携化,安装在井下,占地面积小,成本低,整体技术经济效益显著。形成了一套适应于现场的完整的逐巷充填护顶与置换开采技术体系,技术可行、经济性好,可为实现煤铝共采提供技术支持,具有较大的推广应用前景。Chinas bauxite reserves under coal seam are extremely rich,accounting for more than 50%of the national bauxite reserves.With the gradual depletion of shallow surface bauxite resources in China,underground bauxite,especially bauxite under coal seam,will become the development trend and inevitable choice of bauxite development.In view of the mutual influence of strata movement in the process of coal and bauxite co⁃mining at present,it was put forward that the method of roadway⁃by⁃roadway backfilling mining to protect roof and replace pillar for bauxite under coal seam.Each bauxite pillar was divided into several mining roadways,and each mining roadway was backfilled immediately after mining to achieve timely roof protection and control strata movement.Each mining roadway was mined and backfilled successively according to the design sequence to realize the replacement mining of bauxite pillar and backfill body,and finally ensured the normal mining of bauxite and the upper coal seam.This method has been successfully applied to Aojiawan Bauxite Mine of Shanxi Huaxing Alumi⁃num Co Ltd.The backfill body was in close contact with the roof,and the displacement of roof and floor after backfilling was controlled within 20 mm.This method can effectively control the strata movement after mining of bauxite,ensure the continuity of overlying coal seam,and realize the protective mining of bauxite against overlying coal seam.After backfilling,the roof can be protected in time,and the overall stability of stope can be improved,which can solve the technical problem of weak direct roof control of bauxite.The bauxite recovery rate was increased from 45%to 78%,and the ore A/S dilution rate was controlled at 5.06%.The backfilling equipment was installed in the underground,and occupied a small space,which has the advantages of miniaturize,portable and low cost.The overall technical and economic benefits are significant.A complete technical system of roadway⁃by⁃roadway backfilling mining to protect roof and replace pillar ada

关 键 词：煤系 煤下铝土矿 逐巷充填 矿柱回收 煤铝共采 协调开采 

分 类 号：TD353[矿业工程—矿井建设]