浮球覆盖下水面能量平衡再建与蒸发模型研究  

Reconstruction of Water Surface Energy Balance and EvaporationModel under Floating Ball Coverage

作　　者：徐思远 严新军[1,2] 王海涛 侍克斌[1,2] XU Si-yuan;YAN Xin-jun;WANG Hai-tao;SHI Ke-bin(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2024年第3期22-29,共8页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51968071);新疆维吾尔自治区“水利工程”重点学科研究项目(SLXK2019-04)。

摘　　要：针对干旱区平原水库蒸发强烈导致水资源利用率低的问题,选用黑色高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)浮球作为干旱区平原水库节水材料。通过理论分析、建模与室外试验三者结合,对完整非冰冻期内浮球覆盖下水面蒸发、水体能量平衡组分变化分布的响应机理进行研究,并在此基础上建立相应的水面蒸发量计算模型。结果显示:相较于自由水面,73%的浮球覆盖率下的整体水面净辐射吸收率减小约12.6%,其月均蒸发所需潜热通量减少了61.8%,约为148.73 W/m^(2),水体的感热通量和蓄热通量也有较大的变化。通过对彭曼模型的能量项和空气动力项进行修正,建立的覆盖条件下的水面蒸发量计算模型具有较高的精度。To address the issue of low water resource utilization caused by intense evaporation in plain reservoirs in arid regions,we have chosen black high-density polyethylene floating balls as a means to combat evaporation and promote water conservation.This study examines the response mechanism of water surface evaporation and the distribution of water energy balance components under floating ball coverage throughout the non-freezing period using theoretical analysis,modeling,and outdoor experiments.On this basis,we developed a calculation model of water surface evaporation.Our results indicate that,when compared to uncovered water surfaces,the overall net radiation absorption rate decreases by approximately 12.6%under a 73%floating ball coverage.The average monthly latent heat flux required for evaporation decreases by 61.8%to approximately 148.73 W/m^(2).The sensible heat flux and heat storage flux of water body also experience significant changes.By accounting for modifications in energy and aerodynamic terms,our model for calculating surface evaporation under covered conditions demonstrates high precision.

关 键 词：浮球 节水材料 能量平衡 蒸发模型 水资源利用率 

分 类 号：TV697[水利工程—水利水电工程]