控释氮肥减量对旱作糜子田土壤生物学特性及产量的影响  

Effects of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer reduction on soil biological characteristics and yield of dry crop millets

作　　者：王英[1] 武俊英[2] 刘景辉[1] 米俊珍[1] 孙梦媛[1] 张兰英 冯学颖 WANG Ying;WU Jun-ying;LIU Jing-hui;MI Jun-zhen;SUN Meng-yuan;ZHANG Lan-ying;FENG Xue-ying(Inner Mongolia Agricultural University College of Agriculture/Inner Mongolia Coarse Grain Engineering TechnologyResearch Center/Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Coarse Grain Industry Collaborative Innovation Center/NationalAgricultural Research Outstanding Talents and Innovation Teams,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010019;Vocational andTechnical College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Baotou Inner Mongolia 014109)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院/内蒙古杂粮工程技术研究中心/内蒙古农业大学杂粮产业协同创新中心/全国农业科研杰出人才及其创新团队,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院,内蒙古包头014109

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第12期114-124,共11页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B04-02);内蒙古“草原英才”创新团队项目。

摘　　要：为明确内蒙古黄土高原旱作区控释氮肥施用下糜子田土壤生物学特性的变化规律,设置大田试验,以普通尿素为对照,研究控释氮肥的不同减量处理对糜子产量以及苗期、抽穗期和成熟期不同土层(0~20和20~40 cm)土壤酶活性及微生物量碳含量的影响。结果表明:糜子生育期内,土壤酶活性、酶综合指数及微生物量碳含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,峰值出现在抽穗期,土层间土壤生物学特性表现为0~20 cm优于20~40 cm,且不同氮肥处理对0~20 cm土壤生物学特性影响更大。施氮肥显著提高了糜子生育期内土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性、酶综合指数及微生物量碳含量,增幅分别为2.37%~24.37%、3.79%~25.83%、3.65%~33.24%、2.18%~22.51%和4.09%~26.66%。控释氮肥等量施用及减量20%以下较普通尿素并未显著影响糜子生育后期土壤酶活性及微生物量碳含量。但控释氮肥减量30%时较尿素处理显著降低土壤土壤脲酶活性3.65%~7.12%、酶综合指数2.62%~9.60%,控释氮肥减量40%时显著降低土壤过氧化氢酶活性3.65%~7.12%、蔗糖酶活性4.85%~16.63%及微生物量碳含量5.45%~13.90%。施用等量控释氮肥显著提高糜子产量4.42%,控释氮肥减量30%~40%时糜子产量显著降低3.19%~5.23%。综上所述,施用控释氮肥在提高糜子产量的同时并未显著影响土壤生物学特性,但控释氮肥减量30%及以上时土壤生物学特性变差,糜子产量降低显著。因此,在该地区糜子生产中应以控释氮肥全量施用或减氮20%以下为宜。To clarify the changes of soil biological properties of millet field under controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer application in the dryland area of the Loess Plateau of Inner Mongolia,a field experiment was set up to investigate the effects of different reduction treatments of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on millets yield and soil enzyme activity and microbial carbon content in different soil layers(0-20 and 20-40 cm)at seedling,tassel and maturity stages,using common urea as control.The results showed that the soil enzyme activity,enzyme composite index and microbial carbon content showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing during the growth period of millets,with the peak occurring at the tassel stage,and the soil biological characteristics between soil layers showed as 0-20 cm better than 20-40 cm,and the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer treatments on the soil biological characteristics of 0-20 cm were higher than those of 0-40 cm.The application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the soil peroxidase,urease,sucrase activity,combined enzyme index and microbial mass carbon content during the millets’reproductive period by 2.37%-24.37%,3.79%-25.83%,3.65%-33.24%,2.18%-22.51%and 4.09%-26.66%,respectively.The equal application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and the reduction of 20%or less did not significantly affect the soil enzyme activity and microbial mass carbon content of millets at the late stage of fertility compared with normal urea.However,controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer at 30%reduction significantly reduced soil urease activity by 3.65%-7.12%and enzyme composite index by 2.62%-9.60%compared to urea treatment,and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer at 40%reduction significantly reduced soil catalase activity by 3.65%-7.12%,sucrase activity by 4.85%-16.63%and microbial carbon content by 5.45%-13.90%.The application of equal amount of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased millets yield by 4.42%and significantly reduced mille

关 键 词：控释尿素 土壤酶活性 酶综合指数 微生物量碳 

分 类 号：S516[农业科学—作物学]