不同施肥措施对天然生胶性能的影响  

Effect of different fertilization measures on properties of raw natural rubber

作　　者：张凌霄 李云 赵家连 茶正早 杨红竹[2] 林清火[2] 郭澎涛[2] 黄艳艳[2] 罗微 刘海林[2] 陈培花[2] ZHANG Ling-xiao;LI Yun;ZHAO Jia-ian;CHA Zheng-zao;YANG Hong-zhu;LIN Qing-huo;GUO Peng-tao;HUANG Yan-yan;LUO Wei;LIU Hai-lin;CHEN Pei-hua(College of Ecology and Environment,HainanUniversity,Danzhou Hainan 571700;Institute of Rubber Research,Chinese Academy of Tropical AgriculturalSciences,Haikou Hainan 570101;Mengla Jinse Rubber Co.Ltd.,Mengla Yunnan 666303;College of TropicalCrops,Yunnan Agricultural University,Puer Yunnan 665099)

机构地区：[1]海南大学生态与环境学院,海南儋州571700 [2]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海南海口570101 [3]勐腊金色橡胶有限公司,云南勐腊666303 [4]云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱665099

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第12期158-164,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：农业农村部开放课题(XJSHT-01);国家天然橡胶产业技术体系项目(CARS-33-ZP2)。

摘　　要：施肥是影响天然橡胶性能的重要因素之一,研究不同施肥措施调控天然生胶性能对于指导生产具有重要意义。选用成龄橡胶树,设置不施肥对照以及氮磷钾肥、有机肥、氮磷钾肥+有机肥、氮磷钾肥+有机肥+镁锌硼肥4种不同的施肥措施,通过探讨不同施肥措施对天然橡胶生胶特性的影响,为天然橡胶生产提供参考依据。研究结果表明,4种施肥措施均能提升生胶中的氮含量(12%)、塑性保持率(7%)和可塑性;氮磷钾肥在施肥初期降低了门尼黏度(17%),提高了生胶的可塑性;有机肥在施肥初期的门尼黏度高于对照26%,即提高了生胶分子量;氮磷钾肥+有机肥利于维持氮含量和杂质含量的稳定性;氮磷钾肥+有机肥+镁锌硼肥有利于保持生胶氮含量、挥发分含量、灰分含量以及塑性初值的一致性。综上所述,4种施肥措施中有机肥、氮磷钾肥+有机肥较为优秀,其次为氮磷钾肥,而氮磷钾肥+有机肥+镁锌硼肥则较差。Natural rubber had excellent comprehensive properties and wide applications.However,differences in rubber properties were caused by differences in rubber tree varieties,climate and management systems.Fertilization was one of the important factors affecting the properties of rubber.It was of great significance to study the effects of different fertilization measures on the properties of raw natural rubber for guiding production.In this study,mature rubber trees were selected,no fertilization control and four different fertilization measures were set up,including nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer,organic fertilizer,nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer+organic fertilizer,nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer+organic fertilizer+magnesium zinc boron fertilizer,and the effects of different fertilization measures on the properties of raw rubber of natural rubber were discussed to provide reference for actual production.The results showed that the nitrogen content(12%),plastic retention rate(7%)and plasticity of the raw rubber could be increased by the four fertilization measures;nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer reduced the Mooney viscosity(17%)and improved the plasticity of raw rubber at the early stage of fertilization;The Mooney viscosity of organic fertilizer at the early stage of fertilization was 26%higher than that of the control,which increased the molecular weight of raw rubber;nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer+organic fertilizer was beneficial to maintain the stability of nitrogen content and impurity content;nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer+organic fertilizer+magnesium zinc boron fertilizer treatment was conducive to maintaining the consistency of nitrogen content,volatile content,ash content and plastic initial value of raw rubber.To sum up,among the four fertilization measures,the organic fertilizer treatment and the nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer+organic fertilizer are better,followed by nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer,and nitrogen phosphorus potassium

关 键 词：天然橡胶 施肥措施 有机肥 塑性保持率 塑性初值 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]