水分与控释尿素耦合对冬小麦干物质积累和氮素转运及产量的影响  

Co-effects of irrigation and polymer coated urea on biomass and nitrogen accumulation,transport and yield of winter wheat

作　　者：陈钰蓉 范震 赵有欣 万云婷 杨梦雅 田晓飞 CHEN Yu-rong;FAN Zhen;ZHAO You-xin;WAN Yun-ting;YANG Meng-ya;TIAN Xiao-fei(School of Geography and Environment,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng Shandong 252059;College of Agronomy,NorthwestAgriculture&Forestry University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100)

机构地区：[1]聊城大学地理与环境学院,山东聊城252059 [2]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第12期173-179,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41807092);聊城大学博士基金(318051839);大学生科技创新计划(CXCY2022449,CXCY2022323)。

摘　　要：通过连续两年的田间试验探究水分与控释尿素耦合对冬小麦干物质积累和氮素转运的影响,为黄淮海平原冬小麦水氮协同高效利用提供参考。试验采用二因素裂区设计,主区为普通尿素(U)、包膜尿素(PCU)两种氮肥类型,副区为380 mm(I380)、460 mm(I460)和540 mm(I540)3个灌溉水平,以灌水量380 mm不施氮肥处理为对照(CK)。与等灌水量的U处理相比,PCU处理增加了冬小麦花后同化物积累量和积累氮素向籽粒的运转比例,PCU处理冬小麦籽粒产量两年平均增产-2.90%~20.96%。相同氮素管理措施下,I540处理较I380处理冬小麦花后干物质累积量显著增加44.40%~62.50%,对籽粒贡献率增加了12.62%~22.19%。水分与控释氮素耦合显著提高了冬小麦产量,2019和2020年PCU×I540处理冬小麦产量较其他处理分别增加了3.45%~28.06%和4.17%~46.71%,但PCU×I460与PCU×I540处理籽粒产量、经济效益均无显著差异。因此,在黄淮海平原地区适量减少灌水量条件下施用包膜尿素有利于冬小麦花前干物质向籽粒的转运和花后干物质的累积,以更少的投入实现冬小麦的高产稳产。The effects of coupling water and polymer-coated urea on dry matter accumulation and nitrogen transportation in winter wheat was explored to provide a reference for the synergistic and efficient utilization of water and nitrogen in winter wheat in the Huang-Huaihai Plain.A two-year field experiment was conducted,and the split-plot design was adopted with two types of nitrogen fertilizer,urea(U)and polymer-coated urea(PCU)in combination with three irrigation levels of 540 mm(I540),460 mm(I460)and 380 mm(I380).Compared with U treatments,the amount of the assimilates after anthesis allocated in grain was enhanced in PCU treatments.The average grain yields in two seasons of PCU treatment were-2.90%-20.96%higher than U treatment.Under the same nitrogen management,the biomass accumulation after anthesis and the contribution rate of dry matter translocation after anthesis to grains in I540 were 44.40%-62.50%and 12.62%-22.19%,respectively,higher than those of I380 treatment.The coupling of water and controlled-release nitrogen significantly improved winter wheat yield,compared with other treatments,the yield of winter wheat in PCU×I540 treatment increased by 3.45%-28.06%and 4.17%-46.71%,respectively,in 2019 and 2020,but there were no significant differences in seed yield and economic benefits between the PCU×I460 and PCU×I540 treatments.Therefore,the application of coated urea under the condition of moderately reduced irrigation in the Huang-Huaihai Plain is beneficial to the transfer of pre-flowering dry matter to the seeds and the accumulation of post-flowering dry matter in winter wheat,achieving high and stable yield of winter wheat with less input.

关 键 词：冬小麦 树脂包膜尿素 灌水量 干物质 氮素 产量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]