氮锌配施对烟草根系发育及产量和质量的影响  

Effects of combined application of nitrogen and zinc on root development,yield and quality of tobacco

作　　者：王茹 江厚龙 马超[1] 冉茂 张艳 秦平伟 任江波 陈庆明 李理想 张均[1] 付国占[1] WANG Ru;JIANG Hou-ong;MA Chao;RAN Mao;ZHANG Yan;QIN Ping-wei;REN Jiang-bo;CHEN Qing-ming;LI Li-xiang;ZHANG Jun;FU Guo-zhan(.College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science andTechnology,Luoyang Henan 471000;Chongqing Tobacco Science Institute,Chongqing 400715;ChongqingTobacco Company Pengshui County Branch,Chongqing 409600)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471000 [2]重庆烟草科学研究所,重庆400715 [3]重庆市烟草公司彭水县分公司,重庆409600

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第12期180-190,共11页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重庆公司科技项目(A20201NY01-1306);中国烟草总公司重庆公司科技项目(A20201NY01-1301)。

摘　　要：为探究重庆烟区氮锌配施对烟草根系生长发育、碳氮代谢、产量和质量的影响,以‘云烟116’为供试材料进行大田试验,设置氮肥水平(N1:常规施肥、N2:常规施肥减氮8%)+锌肥水平(Zn1:0 kg/hm^(2)、Zn2:15 kg/hm^(2))的2因素2水平试验。分析不同氮锌配施对烟草根系形态特征(根毛超微结构和根条数)、生理特性(根系活力、可溶性糖和全氮含量、氮代谢关键酶活性)以及烤后烟叶主要化学成分和产量的影响。结果显示:不同氮锌配施处理间不定根条数、根系活力、根系全氮含量、硝酸还原酶活性均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),在常规施氮量条件下配施锌肥,烟草根毛发生数量和根条数逐渐增加;锌肥的施入显著提高了根系生理特性。适宜的氮锌配施有利于烟草根条数、根系生理特性、主要化学成分构成因素和产量的增加。N1Zn2处理条件下的烤后烟叶产量最高(2074.66 kg/hm^(2)),产值最高(48982.72元/hm^(2)),主要化学成分较其他各处理更为协调,并且从氮锌配施交互作用考虑烟草根系形态特征、生理特性以及烤后烟叶的主要化学成分和产量,选择适宜的氮锌配施不仅有利于提高烟叶产量,还能达到较为理想的烤后烟叶品质。通过研究分析得出:氮锌配施条件下最适宜的肥料施用量为常规施氮量90 kg/hm^(2)、施锌量15 kg/hm^(2)。To explore the effects of nitrogen reduction combined with zinc fertilizer on root growth and development,carbon and nitrogen metabolism,yield and quality of tobacco in Chongqing tobacco area,a field experiment was carried out with‘Yunyan 116’as the test material,and a two-factor and two-level experiment was set up with nitrogen fertilizer(N1:conventional fertilization,N2:conventional fertilization with nitrogen reduction of 8%)and zinc fertilizer(Zn1:0 kg/hm^(2),Zn2:15 kg/hm^(2)).The effects of different combined application of nitrogen and zinc on root morphological characteristics(root hair ultrastructure and root number),physiological characteristics(root activity,soluble sugar and total nitrogen content,key enzyme activity of nitrogen metabolism),main chemical components and yield of tobacco leaves were analyzed.The results showed that there were significant differences(P<0.05)in the number of adventitious roots,root activity,root total nitrogen content and nitrate reductase activity among different nitrogen and zinc combined application treatments.Under the condition of conventional nitrogen application with zinc fertilizer application,the number of tobacco root hairs and the number of roots increased gradually.The application of zinc fertilizer significantly improved the root physiological characteristics.Suitable nitrogen and zinc application is beneficial to the increase of tobacco root number,root physiological characteristics,main chemical composition and yield.The yield of flue-cured tobacco leaves in N1Zn2 treatment was the highest(2074.66 kg/hm^(2)),and the output value was the highest(48982.72 yuan/hm^(2)).The main chemical components were more coordinated than other treatments.Considering the morphological and physiological characteristics of tobacco roots and the main chemical components and yield of flue-cured tobacco leaves from the interaction of nitrogen and zinc application,the selection of appropriate nitrogen and zinc application is not only beneficial to improve the yield of tobacco l

关 键 词：烟草 氮锌配施 根系性状 碳氮代谢 产量和质量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]